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The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System. Articulations (Joints). Articulations. Joints between bones Classified according to degree of movement 3 types Synarthrotic – immovable Amphiarthrotic – slightly movable Diarthrotic – highly movable. 1. Synarthrotic. Immovable Suture. 2. Amphiarthrotic.

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The Skeletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System Articulations (Joints)

  2. Articulations • Joints between bones • Classified according to degree of movement • 3 types • Synarthrotic – immovable • Amphiarthrotic – slightly movable • Diarthrotic – highly movable

  3. 1. Synarthrotic • Immovable • Suture

  4. 2. Amphiarthrotic • Slightly movable pubic symphysis intervertebral joint

  5. 3. Diarthrotic • Highly movable • Most common of all 3 joints • Ankle • Wrist • Finger • Shoulder • Hip

  6. Characteristics ofDiarthrotic joints • All have same 3 characteristics

  7. 1. Articular cartilages Prevents opposing bones from making direct contact

  8. 2. Joint (articular) capsule • Dense CT connecting opposing bones • Encloses entire joint

  9. 3. Synovial membrane • Lines inside of joint capsule • Comprised of a few layers of cells • Produce synovial fluid • Provides lubrication • Nourishes CT • Shock absorber • Fills entire joint • Held in by capsule • Increase in volume when joint is injured

  10. Synovial joint and fluid fluid

  11. Joint Movements • Synovial joints have to be able to bend in equal and opposite ways

  12. 1. Abduction vs Adduction Abduction – movement away from center axis in frontal plane Adduction – movement back to center axis

  13. 2. Flexion vs Extension Flexion -- bending a joint Extension – straightening a joint Hyperextension – Continued extension beyond anatomical position

  14. 3. Rotation (head)

  15. 3. Rotation (limbs) Medial rotation – anterior surface facing medially Lateral rotation – back to anatomical position

  16. 4. Inversion vs Eversion (ankle) lateral medial turns sole outward turns sole inward

  17. Dorsiflexion vs Plantar flexion (ankle) • Dosiflexion – toes pointing up • Plantar flexion – toes pointing down

  18. 6. Pronation vs Supination (wrist) Pronation – palm facing posterior Supination – palm facing anterior • Pronation – palms facing posterior • Supination – palms facing anterior

  19. 7. Elevation vs Depression • Elevation – shoulder shrug • Depression – return to anatomical position

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