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Introduction to Classical Mechanics: Units, Measurements, and Vectors

Dive into the fundamentals of classical mechanics, exploring units, measurements, and vectors. Learn about the International System of Units, laws of physics, vector addition, and more in this comprehensive course.

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Introduction to Classical Mechanics: Units, Measurements, and Vectors

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  1. Physics 111, Fall 2006Classical Mechanics Prof. Haimin Wang haimin@flare.njit.edu http://solar.njit.edu/~haimin

  2. My Research: Solar Physics Instrumentation Magnetic Fields and Solar Activity

  3. Week 1 • Chapter 1 Sections 1–7 • Measurement • International System of Units (SI System) • Conversion of Units • Length • Time • Mass

  4. Measurements • Use laws of physics to describe many different physical systems • Small set of simple laws • Common language is mathematics • Test laws by experiments • Select smallest set of standards and derive other standards • International Bureau of Weights and Measures (Paris), National Bureau of Standards, etc. • Système Internationale (SI), International System of Units, metric system, or mksA system

  5. SI Units

  6. Prefixes for SI Units

  7. Prefixes for SI Units

  8. Example of Length

  9. Time • 1 second is the time taken by 9,192,631,770 oscillations of the light emitted by cesium-133 atom • Speed of light c=299,792,458 m/s

  10. Example of time

  11. Mass • Standard 1: a platinum-iridium cylinder in Paris • Standard 2: Carbon-12 has 12 atomic mass units (u). 1u=1.6605402x10-27 kg

  12. Example of mass

  13. Units • Language is mathematics • Equations • Diagrams/visualization • Quantities have dimensions • Results have units • Consistency

  14. Precision • Measurements • Uncertainties • Absolute • Percent • Calculation • Result can not be better than data • Use scientific notation to show significant figures • Examples • 3.14 + 0.5 = 3.6 • 123,400,000 = 1.234 x 108 • 0.003 = 3 x 10-3

  15. Sample Problem 1-4, p6

  16. Chapter 3: Vectors • Vectors and Scalars • Adding Vectors Geometrically • Components of Vectors • Unit Vectors • Adding Vectors by Components • Vectors and the Laws of Physics • Multiplying Vectors • Scalar Product • Vector or Cross Product

  17. Vectors and Scalars Displacement Path independence

  18. Laws of Vector Addition

  19. Components of Vectors

  20. Unit Vectors and Coordinate Systems

  21. Vector Multiplication Vector/cross product Scalar product

  22. Sample Problem 3-4

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