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Evaluation of Control Measures

This article discusses the evaluation of disease control measures and preventive programs, including planning and implementation. It covers topics such as monitoring and evaluation, existing control programs, and the basic steps of evaluation.

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Evaluation of Control Measures

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Evaluation of control measures

  2. EVALUATION OF CONTROL MEASURES AND PREVENTIVE PROGRAMS Dr. Salwa Tayel Family and Community Medicine Department Evaluation of control measures

  3. Evaluation of disease control programs is a part of a cyclic process which includes: planning and implementation. PLANNING EVALUATIONIMPLEMENTATION Evaluation of control measures

  4. Planning • Make a “community diagnosis”. Use morbidity and mortality data to indicate frequency and severity of the disease and identify high-risk groups. 2. Select appropriate control measures, depending on: availability and cost of resources. Evaluation of control measures

  5. 3. Define program goals (objectives): • What is to be done? • How much? • Who is the target population? • When will the goals be accomplished? • Where? e.g. to immunize against measles at least 90% of the children aged under 2 attending a certain health center during a period of 3 years. Evaluation of control measures

  6. Implementation • Organization of a program to meet these goals with maximum efficiency and use of resources: - Manpower - Money - Materials Evaluation of control measures

  7. Programme evaluation • Programme evaluation is a management tool. • It is a time-bound exercise that attempts to assess systematically and objectively the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. • to improve current activities and promote better planning by careful selection of alternatives for future action Evaluation of control measures

  8. EXISTING CONTROL PROGRAMMES • National TB control programme • National AIDS control programme • Nutritional Surveillance • National Diabetes control programme • National Polio surveillance programme • Reproductive child health programme Evaluation of control measures

  9. Monitoring and evaluation • Both are essential management tools which help to ensure that health activities are implemented as planned and to assess whether desired results are being achieved. • Evaluation is not a substitute for monitoring nor is monitoring a substitute for evaluation. • Both use the same steps. Evaluation of control measures

  10. MONITORING A process of measuring, recording, collecting and analyzing data on actual implementation of the programme and communicating it to the programme managers so that any deviation from the planned operations are detected, diagnosis for causes of deviation is carried out and suitable corrective actions are taken. Evaluation of control measures

  11. Evaluation • Evaluation is a periodic, in-depth analysis of programme performance. • It relies on data generated through monitoring activities as well as information obtained from other sources (e.g., studies, research, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, surveys etc.). • Evaluations are often (but not always) conducted with the assistance of external evaluators. Evaluation of control measures

  12. Aims • Monitoring: 1. To provide concurrent feedback on the progress of activities 2.To identify the problems in their implementation 3.To take corrective action • Evaluation: To assess whether the desired results of a programme have been achieved if not how it should be redesigned Evaluation of control measures

  13. Basic steps of Evaluation: • Establishing standards, criteria, indicators • Planning and methodology • Collecting data • Analyzing the data • Taking action • Re-evaluation Evaluation of control measures

  14. Components of Evaluation process • Specify the particular subjects • Information support • Verify relevance • Assess adequacy • Review progress • Assess efficiency • Assess effectiveness • And assess impact Evaluation of control measures

  15. Components • Relevance-refers to whether the program or service is needed. • Progress -refers to the tracking of the activities • Efficiency -refers to whether the program results could be obtained less expensively. • Effectiveness -refers to whether the program results meet predetermined objectives. • Impact -refers to the long-term outcomes of the program. Evaluation of control measures

  16. Effectiveness • An assessment of programme effectiveness focuses on the extent to which the outputs have been or will be achieved and whether the programme is likely to contribute to the stated outcomes and impact. • If not, the evaluation will identify whether the results should be modified (in case of a mid-term evaluation) or the programme be extended (in case of a final evaluation) in order to enable achievement of stated results. Evaluation of control measures

  17. Efficiency • It assesses the results obtained in relation to the expenditure incurred and resources used by the programme during a given period of time. • The analysis focuses on the relationship between • the quantity, quality, and timeliness of inputs, including personnel, consultants, travel, training, equipment and miscellaneous costs, and • the quantity, quality, and timeliness of the outputs produced and delivered. • It examines whether the resources were spent as economically as possible. Evaluation of control measures

  18. EXISTING CONTROL PROGRAMMES • National TB control programme • National AIDS control programme • Nutritional Surveillance • National Diabetes control programme • National Polio surveillance programme • Reproductive child health programme Evaluation of control measures

  19. Goal & objectives of NationalAIDS Control Programme • Prevention of HIV infection • Decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection • To minimize the socio- economic impacts resulting from HIV infection Phase-II • To reduce the spread of HIV infection • To strengthen India’s capacity to respond to HIV/AIDS on a long term basis Evaluation of control measures

  20. Medium term objectives • To establish effective surveillance in all states to monitor the epidemic • To ensure a high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS and its application in the population • To promote the use of condoms for safe sex • Target intervention to high risk group • To ensure safety of blood • To develop the services required for providing support to HIV infected persons, AIDS patients & their associate Evaluation of control measures

  21. Programme strategy • Social mobilization • Blood safety • Condom promotion • Control of STD • Clinical management • Care & Support • Surveillance Evaluation of control measures

  22. Monitoring & Evaluation • Monitoring of family health awareness campaign • Monitoring for availability and distribution of materials for awareness programme • Ensuring the availability of condoms • Ensuring availability of drugs for opportunistic infections in the hospital • Ensuring the availability of Anti retroviral drugs • STD/HIV/AIDS surveillance • Monitoring of Blood banks Evaluation of control measures

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