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Psychology 3314 Psychology of Personality

Psychology 3314 Psychology of Personality. Your instructor: Dr. William Ickes. Distinguished Professor of Psychology Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin E-mail: ickes@uta.edu Office: Room 510 Life Science tickets t icke t s = ickes. Intellectual ancestry of William Ickes.

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Psychology 3314 Psychology of Personality

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  1. Psychology 3314Psychology of Personality

  2. Your instructor: Dr. William Ickes Distinguished Professor of Psychology Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin E-mail: ickes@uta.edu Office: Room 510 Life Science tickets tickets = ickes

  3. Intellectual ancestry of William Ickes William James Franz Brentano Herman Lotze James R. Angell Carl Stumpf John B. Watson Kurt Lewin Karl Lashley Leon Festinger C. P. Stone Jack Brehm Harry Harlow Abraham Maslow Elliot Aronson Robert Wicklund William Ickes His Students

  4. Textbooks

  5. Chapter 1What Is Personality?

  6. Human personality is complicated

  7. Influences on behavior that are commonly studied by personality and social psychologists

  8. Four major themes in personality research • There are substantial individual differences in the way people act, think, and feel, even when they are in the “same” situation. • Despite these differences between people, individuals display substantial cross-temporal and cross-situational consistency in their own behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. This is relative consistency, not absolute consistency. • Individuals are also self-aware agents who develop self-concepts which they use to guide and regulate their own behavior. • Personality displays both continuity and change across the lifespan.

  9. Situations and dispositions both affect behavior Example: the number of smiles in two different situations

  10. There is room for both situational and dispositional (i.e., individual difference) factors to influence behavior.

  11. Four major themes in personality research • There are substantial individual differences in the way people act, think, and feel, even when they are in the “same” situation. • Despite these differences between people, individuals display substantial cross-temporal and cross-situational consistency in their own actions, thoughts, and feelings. • Individuals are also self-aware agents who develop self-concepts which they use to guide and regulate their own behavior. • Personality displays both continuity and change across the lifespan.

  12. Your instructor at different ages

  13. Four major themes in personality research • There are substantial individual differences in the way people act, think, and feel, even when they are in the “same” situation. • Despite these differences between people, individuals display substantial cross-temporal and cross-situational consistency in their own actions, thoughts, and feelings. • Individuals are also self-aware agents who develop self-concepts which they use to guide and regulate their own behavior. • Personality displays both continuity and change across the lifespan.

  14. Six approaches to the study of personality • The psychoanalytic approach • The classic psychoanalytic approach (Freud) • The neo-Freudians (Adler, Jung, Erickson, Horney) • The trait approach (Allport, Cattell, Eysenck) • The biological approach (Eysenck, Plomin) • The humanistic approach (Rogers, Maslow) • The behavioral/social learning approach • Behaviorism (Watson, Thorndike, Skinner) • Social learning theory (Rotter, Bandura) • The cognitive approach (Kelly, Mischel, Beck, Ellis)

  15. Explaining behavior using the six approaches: The blind men and elephant metaphor • Explaining aggressive behavior • Psychoanalytic, trait, biological, humanistic, behavioral/social learning, and cognitive explanations • Explaining depressive behavior • Psychoanalytic, trait, biological, humanistic, behavioral/social learning, and cognitive explanations

  16. Personality and culture • Individualistic and collectivistic cultures • Identity • Self-esteem • Definition of success • Independence versus interdependence with others

  17. The six approaches to personality: comparisons and contrasts Genetic Environmental Influence Influence ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ _ Biological Trait Psychoanalytic Humanistic Behavioral / Social Learning Cognitive Unaware of Conscious of Determinants Determinants ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ _ Psychoanalytic Behavioral / Social Learning Trait Humanistic Cognitive Biological Determinism Free Will ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ _ Behavioral / Psychoanalytic Trait Cognitive Humanistic Social Learning Biological

  18. The four aspects of each approach to the study of personality • Theory • Assessment • Research • Application

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