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FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS. Wall System. Wong Chear Ching chearching@gmail.com. Learning Objectives. Briefly explain the functions & functional requirements of walls Differentiate and compare between load bearing and non-load bearing walls

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FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

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  1. FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS Wall System Wong ChearChing chearching@gmail.com

  2. LearningObjectives • Briefly explain the functions &functional requirements ofwalls • Differentiate and compare betweenload bearing and non-load bearingwalls • Briefly describe the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages ofdifferent types ofwalls

  3. Walls &Partition

  4. Definition ofWall • A continuous, vertical structure • Thin relatively toits length andheight

  5. Functions • External walls – to enclose and protect abuilding against weather for reasonable indoorcomfort • Internal walls – to divide buildings intorooms

  6. FunctionalRequirements • Strength &Stability • To resist stresses due to self-weight, superimposed and lateral pressure such aswind • To be stable to avoid overturning dueto eccentric loading or lateralpressure • To be able to avoid buckling due toexcessive slenderness

  7. FunctionalRequirements • Resistance to Weather and GroundMoisture • To resist passage of moisture intobuilding • Moisture (water vapour or liquid water)from groundwater orrain • Methods: • Thickerwall • Cavitywall • Damp proof membrane (imperviousskin)

  8. WaterExclusion

  9. FunctionalRequirements • Durability and Freedom fromMaintenance • Indicated by frequency and extent ofwork necessary to maintain thewall • Minimum cost ofmaintenance

  10. FunctionalRequirements • Resistance to the Passage ofHeat • Barrier to heat gain/loss which increases costof cooling andheating • Affect energyconsumption • Heat gain – higher need for airconditioning • Glass & metal – poor thermalinsulation

  11. FunctionalRequirements • Resistance to the Passage of Heat(Cont’d) • Methods of thermalinsulation • Thickerwall • Cavity/doublewall • Thermal insulationlayer • Internal lining for claddings andglass

  12. Thermal Insulation forWalls

  13. FunctionalRequirements • Resistance to the Passage ofNoise • Exclude noise from traffic, aircraft, train,building services plant & impact sound caused by neighbours • Noise – lead to irritation &poor productivity • Methods: • Thickerwalls • Cavity/doublewall • Lining with absorbentmaterial

  14. NoiseInsulation

  15. NoiseInsulation

  16. FunctionalRequirements • Aesthetics • Walls areimportant visually • Affected by choiceof materials

  17. Types ofWalls • BrickWall • Block Wall • RCWall • Stone MasonryWall • Cladding and CurtainWall • Drywall

  18. BrickWall • Brick – small block of burned clay, concreteor sand-lime • Can be used for load bearing and non-load bearingwalls

  19. BrickWall • Made of bricks laid inmortar • Laid to overlap in some form ofbonding • Pointing to ensure joints are solidlyfilled (watertight) and for decorativereasons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dojkhIrNm xU&feature=related

  20. BrickWall • Finishedwith • Plastering • Tiles • Selffinished

  21. BrickWall • Finishedwith • Plastering • Tiles • Selffinished

  22. BrickWall • Finishedwith • Plastering • Tiles • Selffinished

  23. BrickWall • Advantages • Cheap • Good fireresistance • Quite good thermalinsulator • Doesn’t deteriorate structurally and requireslittle • maintenance • 225 mm thick brick wall give acceptablesound insulation

  24. BrickWall Disadvantages • Expansion is quite large – expansion jointsneeded • Slowconstruction • Application • Walls to residentialbuildings • Firecompartment

  25. BrickWall Expansionjoint

  26. BrickWall • Common types of bond forbrickwork

  27. BlockWall • Blocks – wall unit larger in size thenbricks • Used for load bearing and non-loadbearing walls

  28. BlockWall • Types: • Hollow clayblocks • Hollow concreteblocks • Solid concreteblocks • Lightweight concreteblocks

  29. BlockWall • Types: • Hollow clayblocks • Hollow concreteblocks • Solid concreteblocks • Lightweight concreteblocks

  30. BlockWall • Types: • Hollow clayblocks • Hollow concreteblocks • Solid concreteblocks • Lightweight concreteblocks

  31. BlockWall • Advantages • Economical • Faster erection • Lessjoints • High resistance to damage by fire, less than brickwall • Good thermalinsulator

  32. BlockWall • Disadvantages • Suffer moisture movement causing cracking ofplaster • Settlement movement show morepronounced cracking • Poor appearance – requirefinish • Poor soundinsulation • Application • Mostly internalwalls

  33. RCWall • Used for load bearingwalls • Basement walls, service core, lift shaftsand retainingwalls Retainingwall

  34. RCWall • Advantages • Economical when used to support, enclose fordivide • Dense – fairlywatertight • Good fireresistance A B C D E F E F C D B A

  35. RCWall • Disadvantages • Low thermalinsulation • Require finishing to achieve bettersurface appearance • May crack due toshrinkage

  36. Stone MasonryWall • Natural or manufacturedstone • Bound together bymortar • Very durable. However, quality of mortarand workmanship and patterns of assembly strongly affect thedurability. • Can be used as load bearing or non-load bearingwalls

  37. Stone MasonryWall • Rubble walling – walls made of brokenstones of irregular size, shape andtexture

  38. RubbleWalling

  39. Stone Masonry FeatureWall

  40. Drywall • Interiorwalls • Panels made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper orfibreglass

  41. InternalPartition • Referring mainly to dry wallpartition • Dry wall partition which subdivide a room and is non loadbearing • Requiresfinishingonlyatthe fasteners andjoints • Less labor and dryingtime • Very popular –faster • Mountedontimberorlight-gauge • steel frame • Panels made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper or fibreglass. 2 Panels usually sandwich a layer of rockwool.

  42. InternalPartition • PerformanceRequirement • Flexibility • SoundInsulation • Fire • Strength &Stability • Appearance &Durability • ServicesAccommodation • Ease ofConstruction

  43. InternalPartition PerformanceRequirement Flexibility

  44. InternalPartition • PerformanceRequirement • SoundInsulation • reduction obtained when sound passesfrom • one side of a partition toanother • Measured in frequency and intensity • To achieve good sound insulation partitions require either a heavy construction or the use of carefully designed partition with two leaves which are as far as possible acoustically separate and the cavity filled with an absorbent quilt.

  45. InternalPartition • PerformanceRequirement • SoundInsulation • If there is a door in the partition this has the effect of diminishing (R) by about 5 dB • Poor joints between the partition and adjacent walls, ceilings or floors can also reduce the sound reduction characteristics of the partition. • Another source of weakness can occur when services pass through apartition. • Not only can this be a path for direct transmission of sound through any dry joints or gaps, but sound can also be transmitted via the services themselves from one side to theother.

  46. InternalPartition • PerformanceRequirement • Fire • Partition used as part of fire compartmentalizationstrategy • Requires fire rating of half to 2 hours depending on room use andlocations • To prevent spread of smoke , dry partition should be extended to the soffit of slab instead of suspendedceiling

  47. InternalPartition • PerformanceRequirement • Strength &Stability • need to resist various types of loadings. • These can include daily impact loading such as doors closing or people leaning against it. • In addition partitions may be required to carry permanent loads such as shelves and washbasins. • Appearance &Durability • Ease ofmaintenance • Design andfinishes

  48. InternalPartition • PerformanceRequirement • ServicesAccommodation • As buildings have become more highly serviced and the need to alter or maintain those services becomes more frequent • Partitions have been used as a space to place some of these services, particularly electrical and communicationscables. • If the engineer is intending to use voids within partitions for services he must ensure not only that space is adequate, but that after installation, the services can be accessed for repair and maintenance.

  49. InternalPartition • PerformanceRequirement • Ease ofConstruction • Leveling • Building servicesabove • Servicespenetration • Construction ofdoors • Level of fire rating and noisereduction

  50. Thank you

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