Parts of Speech Review

1. Parts of Speech Review In your texts pages 6-29 (You’ll learn to love these PowerPoints.)

2. Types of Nouns Person – students, teacher, Mr. Hepworth, Shakespeare Place – school, Iowa, home Thing – yard stick, belt, referral Idea – sadness, love, surprise More Types of Nouns Common – bridge, river *Proper – Tim, Waterford Concrete – shoe, car Abstract – truth, love, beauty Singular – detention Plural - detentions Nouns(if you don’t know most of this already, I’m going to cry.) *Pet peeve alert! I hate the fact that texting seems to have made some of you forget how to capitalize your own names!

3. Personal Pronouns(Pay attention here, this is important) • A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun • An antecedent is the word that a pronoun replaces • Ex. Tim forgot his book in his locker and so was given 10 Saturday detentions. Antecedent Pronoun

4. Personal Pronouns Big Tip! When you are writing papers in this class you may NOT use first or second person personal pronouns!

5. Other Kinds of Pronouns • Reflexive Pronouns: reflects the subject of the sentence – there will always be at least one word between a reflexive pronoun and its antecedent. • Ex. Luke Skywalker made himself a lightsaber. • Intensive Pronoun: emphasizes a noun or pronoun in the same sentence – almost always comes right after its antecedent. • Ex. Luke Skywalker himself blew up the Death Star. • Reflexive and intensive pronouns are formed by adding –self or –selves to personal pronouns.

6. Other Kinds of Pronouns • Demonstrative Pronouns: point out specific things: this, these, that, and those • Ex. I prefer my chair to that over there. • Indefinite Pronouns: refer to things not specifically identified – usually don’t have antecedents – another, nothing, on, both, all, any, more, etc. • Ex. Everyone loves Star Wars!

7. Other Kinds of Pronouns • Interrogative Pronoun: introduces a question – who, whom, whose, which, what • Ex. Who is Luke Skywalker? • Relative Pronoun: introduces a noun or adjective clause – who, whom, whose, which, that • Ex. Luke Skywalker, who is the coolest person ever, flies in space.

8. Verbs Expresses an action, a condition, or a state of being. • Action Verb: expresses an…action! • Transitive verb: takes an object • Object: noun that receives the action • Ex. Timmy kicked the cat. • The cat is the object because it is the thing being kicked. • In transitive verb: does not take an object. • Ex. Mr. Hepworth snores at night.

9. Verbs (This is the really important one that no one seems to know.) • Linking Verbs: a verb that links the subject to a word in the predicate. • Two forms of linking verbs • Forms of to be • is, am, are, was, were, been, being • Ex. Star Wars is the coolest movie ever. Period. • Verbs that express condition • look, smell, feel, sound, taste, seem, etc. • Ex. Darth Vader looks scary.

10. Verbs Helping Verbs (or Auxiliary Verbs) and Verb Phrases • Helping verbs combine with other verbs to create verb phrases • Verb phrases express a tense • Ex. I will be getting a lightsaber for Christmas this year.

11. Adjectives An adjective modifies the meaning of a noun or pronoun. • Ex. Green lightsabers, five lightsabers, etc. Articles: a, an, the Proper adjectives: formed from proper nouns, capitalized • Shakespearean, Jamaican, etc.

12. Adverbs An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Often (but not always) ends in –ly. • Ex. Mike scrambled quickly from the bee hive. • Ex. He was extremely upset. • He had knocked down the hive quiteaccidentally.

13. Prepositions Memorize ‘em! There are many more…memorize ‘em all! (pg 23 in your text)

14. Prepositional Phrases A preposition shows the relationship between a noun and another word in the sentence. A prepositional phrase starts with the preposition and ends with the next noun which is called the object of the preposition.Ex. Luke Skywalker is the coolest person in the galaxy. object of the preposition preposition

15. Conjunctions A conjunction connect words together. • Coordinating conjunction: FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so – memorize it! • Correlative Conjunctions: Ex. both…and, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also. • There are two more types of conjunctions, but we’ll get to those later in the year.

16. Interjections An interjection is a word or phrase the expresses a feeling. • A strong interjection (Stop!) is followed by an exclamation point. • A mild interjections (Oh,) is followed by a comma. • Ex. Wow! This was the most exciting slide ever! • Ex. Um, not really.