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Disposition Alternatives

Disposition Alternatives. Diversion Programs Community-Based Alternatives Custodial Alternatives. Review. Why is Prevention Attractive? Why is Prevention Difficult? Types of Prevention Primary Secondary Tertiary Targets for Change? . Primer in Evaluation.

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Disposition Alternatives

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  1. Disposition Alternatives Diversion Programs Community-Based Alternatives Custodial Alternatives

  2. Review • Why is Prevention Attractive? • Why is Prevention Difficult? • Types of Prevention • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary • Targets for Change?

  3. Primer in Evaluation • What are the goals of the program? • How do you demonstrate these goals?

  4. Basic Experimental Design Control Group “Traditional” RA Or Match Experimental Group Intervention

  5. Diversion Programs • What exactly is “Diversion?” • What is the theory behind diversion? • Does Diversion “work?”

  6. Examples of Diversion • Run by private company or social services • Youth Bureau Services • Police Programs • Teen Courts • Scared Straight

  7. Research on Scared Straight Type Programs (1968-1992)

  8. What can we conclude? • Text Book • “Nothing Works” • Only “perfect society” (economic equality, end to racism, etc.) will substantially reduce delinquency • “Radical Non-Intervention”

  9. Dispositional Alternatives • Nominal • Conditional • Intermediate Sanctions • Custodial

  10. History of Probation • John Augustus • Emergence of Probation • 1878 MA first to adopt probation (for juveniles only) • By 1938, 37 states have juvenile and adult probation • By 1954, all states have juvenile probation

  11. Current Juvenile Probation • Probation as a “catch basin” • Authority of Judge • Functions of Probation • Process • Deferred Adjudication vs. Sentence of Probation

  12. Probation II • Caseloads • Conditions • Revocation • Due Process • Effectiveness • Compared to what?

  13. Intermediate Sanctions • Emerged in the 1980s—WHY? • Examples • Boot camps, Intensive Supervision Probation (ISP), electronic monitoring • Goals? • Nature of Intermediate Sanctions • What do they have in common? • Evidence (Do they “work?”)

  14. Custodial • Secure vs. Non-Secure • Temporary vs. Non-temporary • Private vs. Public

  15. History • Houses of Refuge (NY in 1825 • Reformatory or Training School • Cottage Style • 20th Century Changes • Abuse Uncovered, Reform Movement 1999 National Confinement Estimates • 22,000 in nonsecure • 84,000 in secure

  16. Private vs. Public • Long history of privatization in juvenile corrections • Mom and Pop type vs. CCA • Duluth Area • Public Detention? • Private Detention?

  17. Temporary • Generally • Little/no programming, confine mix of juveniles • Shelter Care • Detention Centers • Foster Homes

  18. Non-secure • What does non-secure mean? • Examples • Group Homes • Wilderness Programs • Ranches or Forestry Camps

  19. Secure • Training Schools (or other names) • Large variation in state level populations • Some analogous to state prisons • Different security levels • Some treatment oriented • Paint Creek Youth Center (Minimum Security) • Public versus Private? • Corrections Corporation of America (CCA)

  20. Aftercare (Parole) • State Variation in Systems • Most states indeterminate x parole board • Others determinate x early release possible

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