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2.4GHz Single Balanced Mixer

2.4GHz Single Balanced Mixer. Andrew Bacon Jacqueline Griffin John Stone. Mixer Specifications. IF Frequency: 140 MHz RF Frequency: 2400-2485 MHz RF Power: -10 dBm LO Frequency: 2260-2345 MHz LO Power: 8 dBm Conversion Loss: > -9.5 dB LO-RF Rejection: < -20 dB

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2.4GHz Single Balanced Mixer

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  1. 2.4GHz Single Balanced Mixer Andrew Bacon Jacqueline Griffin John Stone

  2. Mixer Specifications • IF Frequency: 140 MHz • RF Frequency: 2400-2485 MHz • RF Power: -10 dBm • LO Frequency: 2260-2345 MHz • LO Power: 8 dBm • Conversion Loss: > -9.5 dB • LO-RF Rejection: < -20 dB • LO-IF Rejection: <-30 dB

  3. Mixer Design

  4. Balun Design and Simulation • Used an r of 2.9 for second layer to compensate for it being buried.

  5. Diode Model and Simulation

  6. Matching Design and Simulation • Find input impedance of diodes at 2.4 GHz • Design single stub network between diodes and balun • Let simulator optimize LC filter at output

  7. Mixer Layout 2.6 in LO Port Diode Matching Circuits Diode 1.7 in LO Return Coupler IF Block LC LPF Ghetto Lettering IF Port RF Port

  8. Resulting Board (Problems) • All holes that were supposed to be connected to ground were not • All holes that were not supposed to be connected to ground were • Missing parts of Traces

  9. Mixer Board Top View Bottom View

  10. Measurement Methodology Down Converter • Used spectrum analyzer because it has low error (~.1dB) • Low frequency cable was taken out of measurement through calibration • High frequency cable was taken out of measurement by measuring the response of the cable after measuring the mixer • Used spectrum analyser to measure IF rejection

  11. 2.260 000 00 GHz IF RF LO Measurement Diagram (Down Converter) Vector Network Analyzer RF LO LO Signal Generator

  12. Downconversion Results

  13. Downconverter Measurements RF Freq = 2.40 GHz RF Freq = 2.44 GHz RF Freq = 2.485 GHz

  14. Frequency Shift Measurements Desired Frequency Response Conversion Loss RF freq Results Adjusting the IF return led to being able to shift the frequency Band up to 2.0 GHz on another board If inductor were used this adjustment would be much easier As stub is shorted to ground at end.

  15. Simulation Verification Conversion Loss RF freq (GHz)

  16. Measurement Methodology Up Converter • Used spectrum analyzer

  17. 2.260 000 00 GHz 1 400000 00 MHz IF RF LO Measurement Diagram (Up Converter) IF Signal Generator LO Signal Generator

  18. Upconversion Spurious Levels

  19. Upconverter Measurements LO Freq = 2.26 GHz LO Freq = 2.30 GHz LO Freq = 2.345 GHz

  20. Upconverter Sweep Measurement • LO Frequency Swept from 2.26 GHz to 2.345 GHz

  21. LO-RF Isolation

  22. Simulations vs. Measurements Possible Reasons for inaccuracies • Fabrication (~.5dB) • Inaccurate r • Multilayer simulation problems with ADS

  23. Improvements • Use inductor for IF return (will allow more tuning) • Verify technology parameters • Verify ADS’s simulation abilities

  24. Questions

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