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Muscular System

Muscular System. Key medical root: “Myo”. Muscles. Purpose We have approx 600 muscles Provide movement of body by “lifting” the bones Contribute to posture, produce body heat, and protect human body They cover our entire body Where there is a bone, there is a muscle(s) to move it.

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System Key medical root: “Myo”

  2. Muscles • Purpose • We have approx 600 muscles • Provide movement of body by “lifting” the bones • Contribute to posture, produce body heat, and protect human body • They cover our entire body • Where there is a bone, there is a muscle(s) to move it.

  3. Basic Terminology • Name of muscles come from the Latin language • Origin • Place where the muscle begins • It is stationary (doesn’t move) • Insertion • Place where muscle ends • This is the place where the muscle lifts that particular bone • Antagonists • Opposites • One muscle flexes a joint; another muscle extends it

  4. Types of Muscle • 1) Skeletal • Also called voluntary muscle • Why, they are the muscles we can consciously move. • They are the ones that move our bones • 2) Cardiac • The heart is a muscle that beats/contracts • It is involuntary • 3) Smooth • Found on walls of blood vessels and intestines to allow them to dilate and/or contract • They are involuntary.

  5. Attachment to Bone • Ligaments- Rubber-band like tissue that connects bone to bone, typically to keep a joint in place • Tendons- Rubber-band tissue that connects bone to muscle • Most famous tendons? • Achilles Tendon connects your calcaneus (heel) bone to your posterior calf muscles. • Popliteal tendon • Axillary Tendon • Both tendons and ligaments are white • Both are avascular meaning they don’t receive a lot of blood • Therefore, slow to heal.

  6. Biceps vs Triceps (Antagonist Group #1) • Bicep Brachii • Flexes the elbow jt • Origin-Scapula • Insertion-Radius • Tricep Brachii • Extends the elbow jt • Origin: Scapula • Insertion: Ulna

  7. Vocabulary • To don (v) – to put something on • To doff (v)- to take something of • To besmirch (v)- to stain someone’s reputation • To prevaricate (v)- to stray or evade from the truth; to lie • To befuddle (v) befuddled (adj)- to confuse • Enigma (n)- something/something that is puzzling, riddle-like, or mysterious • To propagate (v)- to spread or multiply • Prerogative (n) – a special right or privilege given to a person/organization • To augment (v) – to make larger in size; to grow

  8. Abbreviations • cxr- Chest X-ray • KUB- Abdominal X-ray • ASA- Aspirin • APAP – Acetaminophen (Tylenol) • BP – blood pressure • OS- left eye • OD- right eye • BS- blood sugar • gtt- drop (gtts-drops) • po – by mouth

  9. ForearmMuscles that Supinate/Pronate • Pronator Teres • Allows us to pronate the arm (palm facing ground) • Supinator Muscle • Allows us to supinate (palm facing up) • Biceps does as well • Note: Most muscles to move your fingers are not in your hand, but in your forearm. • Tendons connect them to your metacarpals and phalanges

  10. Lifting the Arm from the ShoulderAbduction/Adduction • Lifting the arm (at the shoulder joint) requires the use of three major muscles • 3 Prime Movers of Arm • Deltoids • Origin: Clavicle • Insertion: Humerus • Common site of injections/shots • Pectoralis Major • Your “pecs”-large chest/breast muscles • Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, and Ribs • Insertion: Humerus • Latissimus Dorsi • Your “lats”-large muscle on your MIDDLE BACK! • Origin: Posterior Lower Ribs • Insertion: Humerus

  11. Throwing MotionRotator Cuff Muscles • To throw something, you use your 4 Rotator Cuff muscles • They are all located on the posterior Scapula • 1. Supraspinatus • “Above the scapular spine” • 2. Infraspinatus • “Below the scapular spine” • 3. Teres Minor • 4. Teres Major • Common baseball pitcher injury

  12. Muscles of Head and Trunk

  13. Head • Buccinator • Orbicularis Oralis • Allows use to smile/kiss/whistle • Orbicularis Oculi • Allows us to blink • Masseter • Allows us to chew • Wraps around mandible

  14. Antagonist #2 (Head Movement) • Sternocleidomastoid • Look at the name • Origin: Sternum • Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone of cranium • Allows us to flex the head • Occipital/Atlas joint • Allows us to rotate the head • C1-C2 joint

  15. Antagonist #2 Head Extension • The antagonist to the sternocleidomastoid is the Trapezius (“The Traps”) • Upper back muscle • Allows us to extend the head • Origin-Occipital bone • Insertion- T-spine and clavicle

  16. Antagonist #3 Movement of Trunk • 2 muscle groups flex and extend the trunk of the body • Flex the trunk • 1. Rectus Abdominus “the abs” • Origin-Sternum (Xiphoid Process) • Insertion-Pubic Symphisis • Obliques • Lateral Flexion of Trunk

  17. Movement of Trunk (Con’t) • 2. Erector Spinae • Extension of trunk, THE ANTAGONIST TO THE ABS. • Crucial for proper posture • Serves as antagonist to abdominal muscles. • Origin: Sacrum • Insertion: Occipital bone • Made of 3 parts • Spinalis • Iliocostalis • Longissimus • Bonus!

  18. Lower Extremity Muscles

  19. Antagonist #4 (Leg Lifting Muscles) • 1. Iliopsoas • Made of 2 muscles • On anterior aspect of body • Flexes the hip joint (i.e. lifts the entire leg) • Gluteus Maximus • Extends the hip joint • Located on the “booty”

  20. Antagonist #5-Knee Lifting Muscles • 2 main muscle groups • 1. The Hamstrings • Located on posterior aspect of thigh • Flexes the knee! • Made up of 3 muscles • Bicep Femoris • Semimembranous • Semitendinous • Bonus • Origin: Ischial tuberosity of ischium • Insertion: Posterior Tibia

  21. Antagonist #5 Knee Lifting Muscles (cont) • 2. Quadriceps • Located on anterior aspect of thigh • Extends the knee! • Made of 4 muscles • Rectus Femoris • Vastus • Lateral • Medial • Intermedius • Bonus • Origin: Proximal Femur • Insertion: Tibial (Shin bone) • Antagonist to the Hamstrings

  22. Abduction/Adduction of Leg • Sartorius • Longest muscle in the body!! • “Leg Crossing” Muscle • Responsible for ABDUCTION of leg (moving leg out) • Origin: Iliac Crest of Ilium of Pelvis • Insertion: Tibia • Adductor Muscle Group • Responsible for ADDUCTION (moving leg in)

  23. Knee Joint • Quadriceps muscle forms the Quadriceps Tendon • It extends over the patella turns into the patellar tendon • The patella is formed by the constant movement of the leg. • Patellar Tendon inserts at the Tibial tuberosity

  24. Antagonist #6 Lower Leg Muscles • Muscles that cover the tibia and fibula • Allow us to dorsiflex (point toes toward the head) • and plantar flex (point toward the ground) • 1. Anterior Tibialis • On anterior side of tibia • Allows us to dorsiflex

  25. Lower Leg Muscles (Con’t) • 2. Gastrocnemius • Allows us to plantar flex (point toes away) • Origin: Femur • Insertion: Calcaneus (Heel) via the Achilles tendon

  26. Muscle Injuries • Muscle Tears • A section of muscle rips • Same as a “Strain”

  27. Muscle Injuries (Con’t) • Avulsion Fractures • Tendon injury • Piece of a tendon rips off the bone due to trauma • Commonly seen in fingers due to jamming injuries

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