Biology Exam Board Game - Chemical Formulas, Elements, and Atoms

1. Biology Exam 1 Board Game PowerPoint

2. Directions! • Carefully read the questions and select your answer by clicking on it. If you select the correct answer then you may win a prize! If you choose incorrectly, then you will be directed to do some reading and refresh yourself before proceeding. It will also result in you having to answer more questions before you receive a prize. So, read carefully and think before you answer!

3. Chemical Formula • ____ represents a formula for a chemical compound. • a. Hc. P • b. Cd. H2O

4. Incorrect! • A chemical compound is formed when 2 or more different elements combine. • Compounds are always formed from a specific combination of elements in a fixed ratio. • Each compound has a chemical formula made of the chemical symbols from the periodic table. • Examples include Sodium chloride (NaCl) and Methane (CH4). • Next

5. Incorrect! …AGAIN!! • A chemical compound is formed when 2 or more different elements combine. • Compounds are always formed from a specific combination of elements in a fixed ratio. • Each compound has a chemical formula made of the chemical symbols from the periodic table. • Examples include Sodium chloride (NaCl) and Methane (CH4). • See page 151 of your textbook for further reading! • Next

6. Its all Elemental! • An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. • Each element has a unique name and symbol. • All of this information along with each element’s number of protons and electrons plus atomic mass can be found in the periodic table. • Next

7. Its all Quite Elemental! • An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. • Each element has a unique name and symbol. • All of this information along with each element’s number of protons and electrons plus atomic mass can be found in the periodic table. • Study the elements of the periodic table. • Make a list of the first 20 elements in the periodic table to help you think of some of them. • Next

8. Make-up Question • Which of the following is not a chemical compound? • Lanthanum, La c. Carbon Dioxide, CO2 • Methane, CH4 d. Cellulose, C6H10O5

9. Correct! *Please raise your hand for the teacher to come to you with her prizes. Next You Win One Bonus Point on the Exam Congratulations!!

10. Correct! *Please raise your hand for the teacher to come to you with her prizes. Next You Win One Bonus Point on the Exam Congratulations!!

11. Correct! *Please raise your hand for the teacher to come to you with her prizes. Next You Win One Bonus Point on the Exam Congratulations!!

12. Atoms in Molecules Question • The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, C12H22O11, is ____. • a. 11c. 22 • b. 12d. 45

13. Electrons and Energy Levels • An atom of fluorine has nine electrons. Its second energy level has ____. • a. two electronsc. seven electrons • b. eight electronsd. nine electrons

14. INCORRECT!! • A chemical formula is often used to represent a compound in science. This notation tells you the number of atoms in one molecule of a compound. A formula is written with element symbols and numbers in subscript (like the "2" in CO2). The formula for salt is NaCl. The formula for water is CO2. • It is important to know this when balancing chemical equations. You may want to look at page 157 of your textbook for furthur assistance with the topic at hand. Next

15. Elemental Question • Which of the following is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by a chemical reaction? • A compound. • A mixture • An element • A neutron

16. CORRECT!! YOU HAVE EARNED… • Be sure to raise your hand to get your bonus point added by your teacher! • Next ONE BONUS POINT

17. CORRECT!! YOU HAVE EARNED… • Be sure to raise your hand to get your bonus point added by your teacher! • Next ONE BONUS POINT

18. CORRECT!! YOU HAVE EARNED… • Be sure to raise your hand to get your bonus point added by your teacher! • Next ONE BONUS POINT

19. NOT QUITE WHAT I WAS EXPECTING… • Electrons are known as the deciding factor in an element’s reactivity. In other words, they are involved directly in forming chemical bonds. • They travel around the nucleus of an atom in areas referred to as energy levels. • The first energy level will fill up first with a maximum of 2 electrons. • The second energy level will then begin to fill up. It can only hold 8 electrons, though! • However, it aims to achieve those 8 electrons for stability…otherwise, it wants to interact with others more easily. • Next

20. Steady and stable • Which of the following elements is least likely to accept an electron from another element or donate one? • Nitrogen • Iodine • Krypton • Calcium

21. Winner!! Prize: COOKIE!! • Raise your hand So, your teacher can Get your prize for you! Next

22. Ions • Which of the atoms pictured in Figure 6-1 is most likely to form an ion? • a. C • b. Na • c. O • d. they are all equally likely to form an ion • Figure 6-1.

23. You need to know how Elements become charged (hint: your answer was wrong!) • An ion is an element that has lost or gained one or more electrons. It carries an electrical charge as a result of this change to its atomic structure. • An atom will donate or accept an electron (or more than one) in order to fill its outermost energy level and become more stable. • For example, chlorine has 7 valence electrons (outermost electrons) and only needs one to be stable. It will accept one from a donor atom. This will cause it to have more electrons than protons; thereby being negatively charged. Next

24. Let’s try again! • Which process changes a chlorine atom into a chloride ion? • Electron gain • Electron loss • Proton gain • Proton loss

25. Atomic structure • Which is the negatively charged particle located outside the nucleus of an atom? • a. electronc. silicon • b. neutrond. proton

26. Isotopes • One isotope of carbon differs from another in which way? • a. atomic number • b. number of electrons • c. number of neutrons • d. number of protons

27. Wrong! • Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons and electrons, but they do have a different number of neutrons. • Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons are called isotopes. • Isotopes are identified by adding the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus to each other. • The number of neutrons and protons of an atom add up to make the mass number of an element. • Isotopes of elements have the same chemical characteristics. • Next

28. Congrats!! next 5 Bonus Points Raise your hand, so your teacher can get you your bonus points!

29. Energy diagrams Consider the energy diagram given for a chemical reaction. Overall, is energy released or absorbed? • a. absorbed, because the energy level increases during the reaction • b. absorbed, because the energy level of the products is greater than that of the reactants • c. released, because the reaction is initiated by the addition of heat • d. released because the energy level of the reactants is greater than that of the products

30. Activation energy…a refresher • Just like you have to have heat energy to cook food, biological reactions also require energy to proceed. • The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur is the activation energy. • The energy diagram shown illustrates how activation energy is added to cause the reaction to proceed. • Notice how in the diagram, the energy of the products is lower than that of the reactants. The reaction has released energy here. It is an exothermic reaction. • Next

31. More Energy Diagrams! Consider the energy diagram given for a chemical reaction. Overall, is energy released or absorbed? • a. absorbed, because the energy level increases during the reaction • b. absorbed, because the energy level of the products is greater than that of the reactants • c. released, because the reaction is initiated by the addition of heat • d. released because the energy level of the reactants is greater than that of the products

32. Activation Energy • Which is the best description of activation energy? • a. Heat added to initiate a reaction. • b. Heat released as the reaction proceeds • c. Heat stored within the reactant molecules. • d. Heat stored within the product molecules.

33. Congrats!! next 5 Bonus Points Raise your hand, so your teacher can get you your bonus points!

34. Congrats!! next 5 Bonus Points Raise your hand, so your teacher can get you your bonus points!

35. Enzyme and method analysis • A student set up four test tubes containing starch solution in which to perform starch digestion. Supplies included amylase (enzyme that digests starch) and an incubator. In which tube listed would starch digestion proceed most quickly? • a. Tube 1: No amylase, room temperature (25ºC) • b. Tube 2: No amylase, body temperature (37ºC) • c. Tube 3: Amylase present, room temperature (25ºC) • d. Tube 4: Amylase present, body temperature (37ºC)

36. Catalysts • In the laboratory setting, chemical reactions can take a long time to occur due to the high activation energy. • So, in order for these same reactions to benefit living organisms, a substance must be present that will lower the activation energy and allow the reaction to proceed at a faster rate. • A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy required to initiate a reaction. • A catalyst may be required for a reaction, but it is not used up by the reaction nor does it increase the amount of product generated by the reaction. • But , what does this have to do with enzymes?

37. Enzymes • Enzymes are special proteins that act as biological catalysts and speed up the chemical reactions required for many biological reactions. • Enzymes are essential to life. • Many enzymes, like amylase, are specific to only one reaction. • Amylase is an enzyme found in your saliva that helps break down amylose (found in starch). • Now, let’s try it again…

38. Catalyst/Enzyme Redo • Which of the following is a substance that lowers the activation energy? • Reactant • Product • Catalyst • Starch

39. Acids and bases • When added to water, how does an acid affect the pH and H+ concentration? • a. Both pH and H+ decrease. • b. Both pH and H+ increase. • c. The pH decreases while the H+ increases. • d. The pH increases while the H+ decreases.

40. You’re doing great! • You have Earned 1 Homework Pass! Please tell the Teacher, so You can Receive your Prize! Next

41. You’re doing great! • You have Earned 1 Homework Pass! Please tell the Teacher, so You can Receive your Prize! Next

42. You’re doing great! • You have Earned 1 Homework Pass! Please tell the Teacher, so You can Receive your Prize! Next

43. Time for more bonus points! • Remember You have to Tell the Teacher when You get to this Slide… Or you won’t get Your points! next 10 Bonus points

44. Time for more bonus points! • Remember You have to Tell the Teacher when You get to this Slide… Or you won’t get Your points! next 10 Bonus points

45. Time for more bonus points! • Remember You have to Tell the Teacher when You get to this Slide… Or you won’t get Your points! next 10 Bonus points

46. Acids and bases • Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water are acids. • The more hydrogen ions released into the solution, the more acidic it becomes. Hence the higher the hydrogen ion concentration, the more acidic a solution. • Substances that release hydroxide ions (OH--) when dissolved in water are bases. • The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions, the more basic the solution. The measure of concentration of H+ in a solution is measured using the pH scale.

47. pH scale • So, pH is a measure of H+ in a solution. • Acidic solutions have pH values less than 7. • Pure water is neutral with a pH of 7. • Basic solutions have pH values greater than 7. • The majority of biological processes carried out by cells occur between the ranges of pH 6.5 and pH 7.5. It is important to maintain this range, so that our cells can carry out their daily functions. • An antacid tablet is a buffer; it works to maintain homeostasis by keeping our pH levels within range. • Now, what?

48. Once more with pH • Which statement is true based on this scale? • A. Seawater has a higher concentration of hydrogen than tomatoes. • B. Tomatoes have a higher concentration of hydrogen than seawater. • C. Blood has no hydrogen ions. • D. Household ammonia is neutral.

49. Covalent bonds • A single carbon atom can form a maximum of how many single covalent bonds? • a. 2c. 6 • b. 4d. 8

50. Covalent bonds • A covalent bond occurs when atoms decide to share their electrons. • They do this so that they each may have full and stable outermost energy levels. They both benefit from sharing. • Most compounds in living organisms are formed with covalent bonds. • The hydrogen in water actually shares its lone electron with oxygen. Oxygen has 6 electrons in its outermost energy level. It needs 2 more to be full. By sharing with water, it is able to fill this requirement, while also allowing water to be full. • Want to try again?