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The Brain

The Brain. Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes. The Brain. Frontal lobe. Parietal lobe. Motor cortex. Somatosensory cortex. Somatosensory association area. Frontal association area. Taste. Reading. Visual association area. Hearing. Speech. Auditory

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The Brain

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  1. The Brain

  2. Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes The Brain Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Motor cortex Somatosensory cortex Somatosensory association area Frontal association area Taste Reading Visual association area Hearing Speech Auditory association area Smell Vision Occipital lobe Temporal lobe

  3. If Christopher is in a car accident and due to brain damage loses his sight, which lobe of the brain were probably damaged? Occipital When you go to the refrigerator and reach for a carton of milk, which lobes of the brain are you using? Frontal & Occipital When you are listening to music on earphones, which lobe of the brain are you using? Temporal When an Olympic gymnast does a flip on the balance beam, which lobes of the brain is she using? Frontal, Occipital, Parietal, & Temporal

  4. Regions of the Brain • Brain stem • Cerebellum • Cerebral hemispheres • Diencephalon Surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) purpose: to increase surface area Figure 7.12b

  5. Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Somatic sensory area – receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors (audio, visual, olfactory, and taste) • Interpretation areas of the cerebrum • Speech/language region Broca’s area – involved in our ability to speak Figure 7.13c

  6. Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Primary motor area – sends impulses to skeletal muscles Figure 7.14

  7. Layers of the Cerebrum • Gray matter • Outer layer • Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies White matter • Fiber tracts inside the gray matter • Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres Figure 7.13a

  8. Diencephalon • Sits on top of the brain stem • Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Epithalamus

  9. Thalamus • Surrounds the third ventricle • The relay station for sensory impulses • Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation

  10. Hypothalamus • Under the thalamus • Important autonomic nervous system center • Helps regulate body temperature • Controls water balance • Regulates metabolism • An important part of the limbic system (emotions) • The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus

  11. Epithalamus • Forms the roof of the third ventricle • Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland) • Includes the choroid plexus – forms cerebrospinal fluid

  12. Brain Stem • Attaches to the spinal cord • Parts of the brain stem • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla oblongata

  13. Midbrain • Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers • Has two bulging fiber tracts – cerebral peduncles • Has four rounded protrusions – corpora quadrigemina • Reflex centers for vision and hearing

  14. Pons • The bulging center part of the brain stem • Mostly composed of fiber tracts • Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing

  15. Medulla Oblongata • The lowest part of the brain stem • Merges into the spinal cord • Contains important control centers • Heart rate control • Blood pressure regulation • Breathing • Swallowing • Vomiting

  16. What does the brain do?

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