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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia. Land Areas (in thousand km 2 ). Mexico (1,964) > Indonesia (1,905) Myanmar (677) > France (643) Thailand (513) > Spain (505) Vietnam (331) > Malaysia (330) Italy (301) > Philippines (300) U.K. (244) > Laos (237) Cambodia (181). Population (in millions).

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Southeast Asia

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  1. Southeast Asia

  2. Land Areas (in thousand km2) • Mexico (1,964) > Indonesia (1,905) • Myanmar (677) > France (643) • Thailand (513) > Spain (505) • Vietnam (331) > Malaysia (330) • Italy (301) > Philippines (300) • U.K. (244) > Laos (237) • Cambodia (181)

  3. Population (in millions) • U.S. (314) > Indonesia (249) • Mexico (115) > Philippines (104) • Vietnam (92) > Germany (81) • Thailand (67) > France (66) > U.K. (63) • Myanmar (55) > California (38) • Malaysia (29) > Texas (26) • Laos (7) > Tennessee (6) > Singapore (5)

  4. Long history of colonialism • Britain • Burma, Malay, Sarawak, Brunei • French • Indochina • Netherlands • East Indies • United States • Philippines

  5. Southeast Asia occupied

  6. Southeast Asia State & Nation Building and Political Leaders

  7. Development of States • Four common challenges all states face historically or currently • building a nation-state • defining the role of religion • establishing democracy and rule of law • fostering economic development and fairness

  8. FACTORS Historical Contemporary Domestic state & nation building pressures from below Development of States International imperialism globalization & end of cold war

  9. Struggle for independence • Japanese occupation (1941-1945) • Colonial powers return (1945-early 1950s) • Charismatic political leaders in the struggle for independence • Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh • Indonesia: Sukarno • Singapore: Lee Kuan Yew • Burma: Aung San

  10. Their legacies • Leaders of the independence movements • Negotiations with colonial powers • Charisma & popularity among public • Long periods of authoritarian rule • Today their political successors still play important roles in respective countries

  11. Ho Chi Minh • President of north Vietnam 1945 - 1969 • Ho’s successors in the Communist Party of Vietnam

  12. Sukarno • Indonesian President (1949-66)

  13. Sukarno’s daughter • Megawati Sukarnoputri • Vice-President (1999 - 2001) • President (2001 - 2004) of Indonesia

  14. Lee Kuan Yew • Prime Minister of Singapore (1959 - 90) • His chosen successor: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990 - 2004) • His son: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (2004-)

  15. Aung San • Prime Minister of British Burma (1945 - 1947)

  16. Aung San’s daughter • Aung San Suu Kyi: main opposition leader in Myanmar

  17. Second-generation leaders • After initial state & nation building, the 2nd generation leaders gained power through institutional and/or democratic means • Long periods of authoritarian rule • Long periods of economic growth • Philippines: Marcos (1965 - 1986) • Indonesia: Suharto (1968 - 1998) • Malaysia: Mahathir (1981 - 2003)

  18. Marcos • President of the Republic of the Philippines (1965 - 86)

  19. President Benigno Aquino III • The 15th President of the Philippines (2010 - ) • Son of late president Corazon Aquino

  20. 2010 ranking from most clean to most corrupt 1. Singapore (9.3) 38. Brunei (5.5) 56. Malaysia (4.4) 78. Thailand (3.5) 110. Indonesia (2.8) 116. Vietnam (2.7) 127. Timor-Leste (2.5) 134. Philippines (2.4) 154. Cambodia (2.1) 154. Laos (2.1) 176. Myanmar (1.4) Corruption Perceptions Index

  21. Contemporary factors • International: • globalization • end of cold war • Domestic: • pressures from below

  22. Globalization • Japan’s vision: “flying geese” Taiwan Singapore Hong Kong Korea Japan Thailand Malaysia Philippines Indonesia

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