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ME551/GEO551 Geology of Industrial Minerals Spring 2005

ME551/GEO551 Geology of Industrial Minerals Spring 2005. stone, sustainable development, summary, the future of mining. Stone and aggregates—introduction. Crushed and dimension aggregates sand and gravel most important indicator of construction activities and health of society.

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ME551/GEO551 Geology of Industrial Minerals Spring 2005

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  1. ME551/GEO551 Geology of Industrial Minerals Spring 2005 stone, sustainable development, summary, the future of mining

  2. Stone and aggregates—introduction • Crushed and dimension • aggregates • sand and gravel • most important indicator of construction activities and health of society

  3. 70% limestone and dolomite 16%, granite 7%, traprock 7% other sandstone and quartzite miscellaneous stone marble calcareous marl slate shell volcanic cinder and scoria Crushed Stone—introduction

  4. natural rock material quarried as blocks or slabs that meet specifications as to size (width, length, and thickness) and shape Color Durability grain texture pattern surface finish strength, ability to take a polish Dimension Stone—introduction

  5. Granite limestone marble sandstone slate alabaster (massive gypsum) soapstone (massive talc) Igneous metamorphic sedimentary Dimension Stone—introduction

  6. Crushed stone and aggregates production USGS Fact Sheet

  7. Crushed stone and aggregates production USGS Fact Sheet

  8. Crushed stone and aggregates production USGS Fact Sheet

  9. Crushed stone production USGS Fact Sheet

  10. Crushed stone production USGS Mineral Yearbooks

  11. Crushed stone production USGS Mineral Yearbooks

  12. Crushed stone production USGS Mineral Yearbooks

  13. rough block construction (38%) monumental stone (26%) Dressed stone flagging (26%) curbing (21%) ashlars and partially squared pieces (14%) Dimension stone—uses

  14. Dimension stone—uses

  15. Dimension stone—production

  16. Dimension stone—production

  17. Proctor, Vermont – Derrick hoisting a 15-ton block of Vermont Verde Antique Marblehttp://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~quarries/states/vt-proctor-photos.html

  18. http://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/NAE%20aggregates%20Internet%20NRC%20with%20USGS%20sheet/load%20haul%20trucks.htmhttp://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/NAE%20aggregates%20Internet%20NRC%20with%20USGS%20sheet/load%20haul%20trucks.htm

  19. http://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/NAE%20aggregates%20Internet%20NRC%20with%20USGS%20sheet/miningbench.htmhttp://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/NAE%20aggregates%20Internet%20NRC%20with%20USGS%20sheet/miningbench.htm

  20. http://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/NAE%20aggregates%20Internet%20NRC%20with%20USGS%20sheet/drilling.htmhttp://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/NAE%20aggregates%20Internet%20NRC%20with%20USGS%20sheet/drilling.htm

  21. Sawing the Vermont Verde Antique Marblehttp://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~quarries/states/vt-proctor-photos.html

  22. Houses made of adobe bricks are still popular in urban areas.

  23. Sustainable Development for Industrial Minerals

  24. NIMBY (Not in my backyard!) BANANA (Build absolutely nothing, anywhere, near anybody!) NOPE (Not on planet earth!) If it can’t be grown, it has to be mined. Earth First! We’ll mine the other planets later. YIMBY (Yes in my backyard.)

  25. What is sustainable development?

  26. What is sustainable development? • Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. • Sustainable development is not about sustaining the life of a mine. Instead it is about sustaining the flow of materials.

  27. Continued supply of natural resources to manufacture and produce products that society demands • Recycling • Re-use • Less use • Materials replacement • Alternative product design • Mining of new resources

  28. Brundtland Definition “…meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

  29. Sustainability applied to any industry requires four general considerations (Richards, 2002): • Economic Environmental Social Governmental Sustainabledoes not mean:  renewable  zero environmental impact  “green” Note affects of renewable business on the environment: • agriculture, farming: much greater land area, regionally much greater negative environmental impact • golf courses: occupy surface area greater than state of Delaware - 5270 km2 (herbicides, fertilizers)

  30. Capital Stocks of SD • Economic • Financial • Manufactured goods and infrastructure • Social • Institutions • Culture • Environmental • Natural (renewable; nonrenewable) • Air, water, biota, and earth resources

  31. SD and Aggregate • Urban mining of aggregate • Majority knows mining via aggregate • Aggregate is NOT toxic • Aggregate is needed locally • Sterilization of aggregate resources • Cost vs benefits (transport, pollution) • Triple bottom line (TBL) accounting

  32. Taos, New Mexico • Rural community • Poor access from outside the region • Very quality-of-life oriented (NIMBY) • Bounded by restricted land • Aggregate needs are recognized by local government (city and county) • Needs not recognized by typical citizen

  33. Recent Events at Taos • 2001-2002 Aggregate pit CLOSED! • Amigos Bravos (an NGO ) • near Rio Grande Wild & Scenic River • Erroneously placed outside permitted area • 2003-2004 Aggregate pit OPENED! • The Taos County Commission • upheld expansion of existing permit • near airport, sewage plant, other pits • against nearby homeowners

  34. How do we measure our success in sustainable development in exploration?

  35. INDICATORS • The amount of land available for exploration and development • The number of exploration projects • Annual drilling footage or active drill rig count • Annual mineral leases • The amount of dollars spent on exploration

  36. INDICATORS—cont • The number of new mines being developed • Reserves/resources of specific commodities • Area reclaimed after exploration • Number of abandoned mines reclaimed during exploration • The number of mines with production of materials as byproducts that might otherwise be considered waste (especially industrial minerals, such as clay deposits in coal fields or porphyry deposits).

  37. For “sustainability” to be realized, the global playing field must be level: this requiresinternational law(to mandate that which is sustainable) andeconomic credit(for producing a mineral commodity in an acceptable, sustainable fashion). Problem:this is not happening, as yet.

  38. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION • What commodities have the most material mined? • What commodities have the highest value?

  39. Development of the minerals cycle and the need for minerals(MMSD)

  40. Development of the minerals cycle and the need for minerals(MMSD)

  41. Summary and discussion • How has the mining industry changed with time?

  42. USGS Circ 1221

  43. Eyde, 2001

  44. Summary and discussion • What is the future of mining?

  45. NMA The future begins with mining

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