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Exotic Atoms and Exotic Nuclei

Exotic Atoms and Exotic Nuclei. @Chiral 05,RIKEN 16 Feb. ’05 S. Hirenzaki (Nara Women’s Univ.). Objects. Hadron – Nucleus bound systems. Coulomb + Strong … Exotic Atoms (Deeply Bound) atom, Kaonic atom, atom … Strong … Exotic Nuleus

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Exotic Atoms and Exotic Nuclei

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  1. Exotic Atoms and Exotic Nuclei @Chiral 05,RIKEN 16 Feb. ’05 S. Hirenzaki (Nara Women’s Univ.)

  2. Objects • Hadron – Nucleus bound systems. • Coulomb + Strong … Exotic Atoms (Deeply Bound) atom, Kaonic atom, atom … • Strong … Exotic Nuleus Mesic Nucleus, Hypernuclei, … • Exotic Many Body Systems. • In Medium Hadron Properties. • Spectroscopic Methods ( Peak structure) • Quasi-Static Systems around Interests Features( cf Invariant Mass Methods)

  3. Many Interesting Systems • … • …, Interior state • …in medium • …anomaly • … • … • …Penta - Hypernuclei K. Itahashi ‘s talk. J. Yamagata, H. Nagahiro, Y. Okumura. H. Nagahiro ‘s talk, R. S. Hayano ‘s talk H. Nagahiro ‘s talk R. S. Hayano ‘s talk, N. Muramatsu ‘s talk H. Nagahiro, D. Jido. H. Nagahiro, T. Hatsuda, T. Kunihiro. M.J. Vicente Vacas ‘s talk H. Nagahiro, E. Oset, M.J. Vicente Vacas

  4. Peaks!! Zoom In Basic Concepts : Missing Mass ( Invariant Mass) look carefully !! initial final N meson Medium Effects In-Medium Dispersion Relation

  5. Formation Cross Section by ‘pick-up’ reactions, (d,3He), (g, N), etc. • Effective Number approach • Recoilless • Substitutional States formation • For large widths systems; • Green function Method by O. Morimatsu, K. Yazaki, NPA 435, 727 (85), NPA 483, 493 (88) • :smaller distortion, background large? Experimental data or Theoretical model

  6. Pionic 1s states of Sn nuclei Umemoto, Hirenzaki, Kume, Toki PRC62(00)024606 K. Suzuki et al. PRL (04)

  7. There are active discussions • K. Suzukiet al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(2004)072302 • observation • Kolomeitsev, Kaiser, Weise (PRL90(2003)092501) • in two-loop chiral perturbatio • Energy dependent of • Gauge coupling of • Phenomenological pieces, ( , p-wave terms) • Discussion on rn (n>1) ?… (Garcia-Recio, Nieves, Oset) • E. Friedman and A. Gal • G. Chanfray, M. Ericson, M. Oertel • ‘Chiral Restoration in nonlinear realization’D. Jido, T. Hatsuda, T. Kunihiro, PRD63(2000)011901 • U.-G. Meissner, J. Oller, A. Wirzba, … Ann. Phys. 297 (2002) 27 are important

  8. K-atom/K-nucleus K- K- • Many activities in these days. • What we consider Chiral Unitary K-Nucleus interaction (by Ramos, Oset)(K-,p) by Neff approach (Same as p atom)Both atom + Nucleus states systematically Yamagata, Nagahiro, Hirenzaki (+Okumura)

  9. KN reaction • 　　　 －(In-flight K,N) Reaction B.E. [MeV] • 130, 90, 50 • [T.Kishimoto, et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 149 (2003) 264] • [ T.Kishimoto Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999)4701] • 　　　－(Stopped K,N) • 108 • 86 • [Y.Akaishi,T.Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 044005] • 173 • 194 • [M.Iwasaki, et al., nucl-ex/0310018] • [T.Suzuki, et al., Phys. Lett. B 597 (2004) 263] Kishimoto Group (Exp.) Akaishi, Yamazaki Group (Theor.) Iwasaki, Suzuki Group (Exp.)

  10. Formulation -- Structure • Klein-Gordon equation m: kaon-nucleus reduced mass : Coulomb Potential : Optical Potential • Optical Potential - Chiral Unitary Model [A.Ramos, E.Oset, Nucl. Phys. A671 (2000) 481] [Hirenzaki,Okumura,Toki,Oset,Ramos PRC 61 (2000) 055205] - Phenomenology [Batty,Friedman,Gal, Phys. Rep. 287 (1997) 385]

  11. Energy Levels of Kaonic States (Atomic and Nuclear) - Atomic State - Nuclear State

  12. Wave function Phenomenology Nuclear 1s 1s Nuclear 2s 2s Atomic 1s 4s ←Nuclear radius of 39K

  13. Energy Spectrum -- PK = 976 MeV/c (TK = 600 MeV ) bound region • Almost ‘No structure’

  14. Phase Space factor [J. Mares, E. Friedman, A. Gal, nucl-th/0407063] threshold　・・・　B.E. ~ 100 MeV • ① • ② threshold　・・・　B.E. ~ 240 MeV

  15. Energy Spectrum --PK = 967MeV/c (TK = 600 MeV) bound region • ++ f ( B.E. ) • Chiral Unitary – Almost No structure • Phenomenology –Some structure ?

  16. bound region Energy Spectrum (In-flight K,p) PK = 976 MeV/c (In-flight K,n) PK = 930 MeV/c [ T.Kishimoto et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 149 (2003)264 ] [ Fig. taken from the seminar slide @NWU by Dr.Hayakawa ]

  17. Summary on K • Narrow K-Nuclear state, Ultra high density matter, • Really exists ?? • In flight (K,p) reaction • theoretical results Kishimoto exp. • Need systematic comparison of • theoretical results and exp. data

  18. Q+ HypernucleiStudies of in-medium Q+ properties • H.C. Kim et al., [arXiv:hep-ph/0402141] • the Q+ self-energy in nucleus based on the decay • too weak to make bound Q+ in nuclei • D. Cabrera, Q.B. Li, W. Magas, E. Oset and M.J. Vicente Vacas • two kinds of contributions • very small … consistent to the results by H.C.Kim et al.. • ph (particle-hole) from the absorption of a virtual pion. • large attractive potential of Q+ • X.H. Zhong et al., [arXiv:nucl-th/0408046] • framework of relativistic mean field / quark meson coupling model • strong attractive interaction for Q+ -nucleus and Q+can be bound in nuclei. [arXiv:nucl-th/0407007]

  19. S N -2 Z -1 0 ? +1 Our motivation • Possible Q+hypernuclei formation • Theoretical predictions … Q+ hypernuclei exist Can we observe ? • New information about the Pentaquark • Information on bound state Information on Q+ itself • S=+1 hypernuclei • If it exists,Q+hypernuclei will open a path for a research of new many-body systems with S=+1.

  20. : antidecuplet states : octet of ½+ baryons : octet of 0- mesons • attractive interaction diagram K In the nuclear medium, new channels are open. p Q+ Q+ N Interaction of the Q+ with the nuclear medium D. Cabrera, Q.B. Li, W. Magas, E. Oset and M.J. Vicente Vacas [arXiv:nucl-th/0407007] • Working Hypothesis • Q+: , belongs to SU(3) antidecuplet • SU(3) symmetric Lagrangian • N*(1710) also belongs to antidecuplet N*(1710) Npp decay deta fix the coupling const. where : a vector current for two mesons

  21. Bound states of Q+ (D. Cabrera et al., [arXive:nucl-th/0407007, Phys. Lett. B, in print.]) • potential depth: , • due to ambiguities of Q+ properties We calculate the spectra for both cases. • width: two sources • energy dependent self-energies • narrower widths for deeper bound states • Q+ bound spectra • No LS splitting • Volume type potential only VQ= -60 r/r0[MeV] VQ= -120 r/r0[MeV]

  22. g K– n Q+ • Q+ K+ p– p • K0 p0 p • K0 hp • K+ p0 n • K+ hn • K0 p+ n • Q+ K+ p– p • K0 p0 p • K0 hp • K+ p0 n • K+ hn • K0 p+ n • (K+,p+) M M charged • (p–, K–) B Q+ Q+ hypernuclei formation reaction • Possible process • Reported process in Prof. Nakano’s experiment • (g, K–) • theoretical vertices, Q+ into MMB, in the SU(3) Lagrangian • [D. Cabrera, Q.B. Li, W. Magas, E. Oset and M.J. Vicente Vacas, nucl-th/0407007] Notice : (p-,K-) could be very small (KEK exp.)

  23. In Lab frame, the energy conservation in heavy target limit is, Q binding energy kinetic energies masses nucleon separation energy (g, K–) (K+,p+) (p–, K–) q [MeV/c] Incident kinetic energy Ti [MeV] Q+ hypernuclei formation reaction • Which reaction is suitable ? • Recoilless condition • momentum transfer q 450 700 600 300

  24. Numerical results of formation cross sections • list of parameters used in this calculation • initial Kaon kinetic energy : • TK=300 MeV (pK~620 MeV/c) (minimal momentum transfer) • Q+potential depth : • targets • 12C • forward reaction ,

  25. free Q+ production threshold (s-state proton pick-up case) free Q+ production threshold quasi-free Q+ region 12C target case : VQ= -60 r/r0 [MeV] • clear peak separated from each other. • Reasonable cross section of the order of [micro b/sr MeV] • not too small TK=300MeV pK~620MeV/c

  26. 12C target case : VQ= -120 r/r0 [MeV] TK=300MeV pK~620MeV/c • We can see clearpeaks. • quite different spectrum from V=-60r/r0MeV case. • more bound states for V=-120 r/r0 MeV • narrower peaks due to the deeper bound states • we may be able to distinguish these two type potentials by the spectrum, if we can see.

  27. Summary on Q+ hypernuclei • Q+hypernuclei formation by (K+,p+) reaction • New frontier of S=+1 hypernuclei ? (or just a dream) • Many Unknowns … Let’s try !

  28. w – Nucleus Bound Systems w– Nucleus Potential (in Unit of MeV) … R. S. Hayano, S. Hirenzaki, A. Gillitzer Eur. Phys. J. A6, 99 (1999) … F. Klingl, T. Waas, W. Weise, NPA 650, 299 (1999) … M. F. M. Lutz, G. Wolf, B. Friman, NPA 706, 431 (2002) : No bound states

  29. Kinematics (g, N) forward 500 400 300 q [MeV/c] 200 100 0 0 500 1500 2000 2500 3000 w mesic Nuclei p atom E. Marco, W. Weise S. Hirenzaki, E. Oset Phys. Lett. B502 (2001) 59 Phys. Lett. B527 (2002) 69

  30. Potentials by : [Marco, Klingl, Waas, Weise] [Lutz, Wolf, Friman] ( MeV )

  31. Summary on w nucleus • Different theoretical Results exist. • Exp. Coming soon … N. Muramatsu • Let’s wait what we will see.

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