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Dr BG Unni , Chief Scientist & Area Coordinator (Biological Sciences)

Is there any permanent solution to have WATER free of Arsenic ?. Dr BG Unni , Chief Scientist & Area Coordinator (Biological Sciences) CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat – 785 006, Assam, INDIA

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Dr BG Unni , Chief Scientist & Area Coordinator (Biological Sciences)

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  1. Is there any permanent solution to have WATER free of Arsenic ? Dr BG Unni, Chief Scientist & Area Coordinator (Biological Sciences) CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat – 785 006, Assam, INDIA bgunni@rrljorhat.res.inbgunni@yahoo.com balagopalanunni@fulbrightweb.org

  2. Brief Introduction: • Arsenic is a deadly toxic metalloid. The element is itself is not soluble in water. It remains in combination with other elements. Arsenic disrupts ATP production. Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. Highly toxic as well as carcinogenic. • Some plants have been reported to tolerate high level of arsenic from water and soil. Bioaccumulation of Arsenic • In India and Bangladesh (around the Bay of Bengal) ~400 million people are at risk of arsenic poisoning, and up to 40 million people drink well water containing toxic levels of arsenic.

  3. EFFECTS OF ARSENIC POISONING (source: (source: www.sos www.sos --arsenic.net arsenic.net, 2006)

  4. Health Survey at the polluted site Health Survey being conducted at the sites. Local people were interviewed and data were recorded in Health questionnaires

  5. Health Camps with Doctors conducted at the study site Oil Drilling site Coal mine site Paper and Pulp mill site .

  6. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM Oil Drilling sites

  7. Plant Model as biomarker for Arsenic Control plant 0.05 ppm(15th day) 1 ppm (15th day) 3 ppm (15th day) 5 ppm (15th day) 7 ppm (15th day) Ipomoea plants treated with different concentrations of arsenic (after 15 days of treatment)

  8. Control 3 ppm 7 ppm 15 ppm 10 ppm Morphological response of Plant, Ipomoea aquatica with different concentration of sodium arsenite ( after 1 month of treatment)

  9. Bioaccumulation As/Hg: General Strategy (Meagher & Heaton, 2005)

  10. EFFECT OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE ON SURVIVAL OF PLANTS

  11. 25 ppm (day 3) 25 ppm ( day 6) 30 ppm ( day 3) The physiological response of Ipomoea aquatica with different Concentration of Arsenic.

  12. 50 ppm (after 17 hrs) 50 ppm (day 3) 50 ppm (day 5) 100 ppm (after 17 hrs) 100 ppm (day 2) 100 ppm (day 3)

  13. What it does in the plant system • Arsenic in soil is found primarily in the oxidized form, arsenate (AsO43-). • A portion of the arsenate taken up into plant roots may be held in cell walls (possibly as FeAsO4). The remainder crosses root membranes probably via transporters facilitating the uptake of phosphate, which is chemically similar to arsenate. • Inside the root cells, some arsenate is reduced to arsenite (AsO33-). A small fraction of the arsenate and arsenite move from root to leaf via the xylem. Arsenate is then reduced by the enzyme ArsC to arsenite, which combines with thiol compounds to form arsenic–thiolates. In this form, arsenic is probably shuttled irreversibly into the vacuoles, where it can no longer damage the plant.

  14. Isolation of DNA from arsenic treated plants C 15 1 100 DNA was isolated from control, treated plants (100 ppm , 1 ppm and 15 ppm). Effect of Arsenic at ppm conc. On DNA of the Plant

  15. ANIMAL MODEL EXPERIMENTS Fish, Channa punctatus was used for the animal model experiment. Fishes were treated with the concentration of 8 ppm to 10ppm Sodium arsenate . The fishes were survived up to the concentration of 10,000 μg/l for more than 2 months. Further studies are under progress to see the effect of Arsenic at the genetic /Molecular level. Channa punctatus

  16. Fish Collected from the ponds after treatment with Arsenic at different concentration in ppm. Fish from 1ppm arsenic treated Control fish 5 ppm arsenic treated fish 10 ppm arsenic treated fish 50 ppm arsenic treated fish 100 ppm arsenic treated fish Fishes from ponds exposed with Arsenic up to 10 ppm survived more than one month and above concentration ,Fishes died within 24 hours

  17. Studies at Molecular Level: Unexposed and arsenic-exposed (0.04ppm) liver cells isolated with Chloroform: Isoamyl Alcohol extraction procedure. Electrophoretic separation carried out on 1.8% agarose gel along with lambda DNA/Eco R1markers and DNA visualized after staining with 0.5% ethidium bromide(Sigma). (Ref Soma Datta et al.,2007) unexposed 1-day exposed 14-day exposed 30-day exposed DNA ladder in C.batrachus

  18. Changes in Biochemical parameters (g/100g) of fish, Channa punctatus exposed arsenic at different concentration

  19. DNA isolated from fish liver exposed to different concentration( ppm) of Arsenic. C 1 10 25 50 100 100 ppm arsenic treated fish liver showed the presence of characteristic DNA ladder . Arsenic may be involved in the apoptotic cell death resulting in DNA fragmentation.

  20. PHYTOREMEDIAL EFFICIENCY OF Ipomoea aquatica AGAINST ARSENIC 1.Plants were found to survive more than 2 months in arsenic treatment up to 15 ppm concentration. 2. A decrease in chlorophyll content was observed with increase in concentration of Arsenic. 3. Ipomoea can be used as a biomarker to detect the Arsenic content in water upto certain level and also as a tool for Phyto-remediation . BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ARSENIC ON Channa punctatus 1. The fish was found to survive for more than 60 days up to 10 ppm of arsenic treatment. 2. A decrease in total carbohydrate and lipid content in arsenic treated fishes. 3. Increase in total free amino acid was observed due to breakdown of protein. 4. A decreased activity of Transaminases- ( Alanine and Aspartate amino transferase along with increase concentrtion of arsenic exposure 5. DNA fragamentation along with change in protein profile was also observed in the fishes exposed to lethal dose of arsenic.

  21. Numerous studies confirm that toxic metals have damaging effects on all the cells of the body and directly impair neurological, immune, endocrine, digestive, respiratory and detoxification functions of the body. Heavy metals poison us by disrupting our cellular enzymes, which run on nutritional minerals .Toxic metals kick out the nutrients and bind their 5receptor sites, causing diffuse symptoms. We are getting many physical complains from our study sites (polluted areas) which may be the most probable symptoms of Metal toxicity caused by the various types of Pollution. Our future plan of studies must be directed to find out a permanent solution to remove Arsenic based on bio-devises on long term basis and not on short term. CONCLUSION Significant Findings from the Study sites

  22. MY Strength (Few of my past and present research students) M Goswami A. D. Chutia M Bhattacharjee S. Das Y.Kakoty (2008…09) (2008………) ( 2007……….) (2008……..) (2008--------)

  23. The research work is a part of the ongoing Ph.D/network projects funded by CSIR (NWP-0017, BSC-0116). Any experimental part or figures from ppt cannot be extracted or published in any form. The written permission from the Author/Director CSIR-NEIST Jorhat 785006 Assam is essential for sharing or utilizing the information

  24. Thank You

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