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Immigrants and Urbanization

Immigrants and Urbanization. The “Golden Door”. Reasons for Moving: Famine Land Shortages Religious Persecution Political Persecution “Birds of Passage”. The “Golden Door”. Statistics: Between 1870 and 1920, 20 million Europeans arrived in the U.S.

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Immigrants and Urbanization

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  1. Immigrants and Urbanization

  2. The “Golden Door” • Reasons for Moving: • Famine • Land Shortages • Religious Persecution • Political Persecution • “Birds of Passage”

  3. The “Golden Door” • Statistics: • Between 1870 and 1920, 20 million Europeans arrived in the U.S. • Between 1851 and 1883, about 300,000 Chinese arrived. • In 1907, 30,000 Japanese left their country for the U.S. • Between 1880 and 1920, 260,000 immigrants arrived in the U.S. from the West Indies (Jamaica, Cuba, etc. )

  4. Entering the United States Ellis Island- Europeans, NY Harbor, Inspections Angel Island- Chinese, San Francisco Bay, Inspections

  5. Means of Survival… • What do you need to start your life over? • How do you get it when everything you have is in one suitcase? • Survival: • Political Machines • Political Bosses • Ethnic Communities

  6. Immigration Restrictions • Nativism: • Over favoritism toward native-born Americans • Chinese Exclusion Act : • Banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials • Gentlemen’s Agreement: (1907-1908) • Japan’s government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the United States in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order

  7. Jacob Riis: “How the Other Half Lives” • “Be a little careful, please! The hall is dark and you might stumble over the children pitching pennies back there. Not that it would hurt them; kicks and cuffs are their daily diet. They have little else…”

  8. How did it start??? • Urbanization: growth of cities • Cities were cheaper and convenient • Americanization Movement • Schools for Immigrants: • English Literacy, American History, government, cooking, and social etiquette • Did not abandon Traditions (Ethnic Communities)

  9. Urban Problems • Housing: • House • Tenements • Why would the tenements actually be the better option for immigrants versus buying a house?

  10. Urban Problems • Transportation • Mass Transit • Water • Sanitation • Crime

  11. Urban Problems:Enemy of the City The Great Chicago Fire (Oct. 1871) San Francisco Quake ( April 1906)

  12. Solutions… • Social Gospel Movement: Service to the Poor • Settlement House: Community Centers • Jane Addams: • HULL HOUSE

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