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Identifying Variables & Designing Investigations

Identifying Variables & Designing Investigations. Hypothesis. An educated guess (statement / prediction) Written in an “if….. Then…. Because…. Format”. Experiment. Testing your hypothesis Has to be controlled, Steps to follow

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Identifying Variables & Designing Investigations

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  1. Identifying Variables&Designing Investigations

  2. Hypothesis • An educated guess (statement / prediction) • Written in an “if….. Then…. Because…. Format”

  3. Experiment • Testing your hypothesis • Has to be controlled, Steps to follow Has to include both an independent (experimental) and dependent (controlled) variable

  4. 3 Kinds of Variables • Independent Variable – something that is changed on purpose • What is tested • What is manipulated • A.K.A. Experimental Variable

  5. 3 Kinds of Variables • Dependent Variable – The thing you measure • What is observed – • You are looking to see if your IV changes this • What is measured • The data collected during the investigation

  6. 3 Kinds of Variables • Controlled Variable – A variable that keeps the same • Also called constants • Allow for a “fair test”

  7. For Example:

  8. If I give my students a super enhancing/focusing candy, THEN they will get better grades BECAUSE they will be more focused

  9. Identify the variables in this investigation.

  10. What was the independent variable? • Also known as the experimental variable • ANSWER: Candy • One group got the candy, the other did not.

  11. What was the dependent variable? • Grades: we were measuring the grades of the students with and without candy

  12. What was a controlled variable? • Same test • If the students were given different tests of different difficulty, would that be FAIR? Control Group: The group of students who did not get the candy

  13. Another example:

  14. An investigation was done with an electromagnetic system made from a battery and wire wrapped around a nail. Different sizes of nails were used. The number of paper clips the electromagnet could pick up was measured.

  15. What are the variables in this investigation?

  16. Independent variable: • Sizes of nails • These were changed by the scientist

  17. Dependent variable: • Number of paper clips picked up • The number of paper clips observed and counted (measured)

  18. Controlled variables: • Battery, wire, type of nail, size of paperclips • None of these items were changed

  19. One more:

  20. The higher the temperature of water, the faster an egg will boil.

  21. Independent variable – temperature of water • Dependent variable – time to cook an egg • Controlled variable – type of egg

  22. Last one:

  23. The temperature of water was measured at different depths of a pond.

  24. Independent variable – depth of the water • Dependent variable – temperature • Controlled variable – thermometer, pond

  25. Designing Investigations

  26. The greater the amount of soap in a soap and water mixture, the bigger a soap bubble can be blown. • Design an investigation to test this hypothesis. • Identify the variables • What exactly will be changed? How will it be changed? • What exactly will be measured? How will it be measured?

  27. The farther a ball drops, the higher it will bounce. • Design an investigation to test this hypothesis. • Identify the variables • What exactly will be changed? How will it be changed? • What exactly will be measured? How will it be measured?

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