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Routers

Routers. By Bob Larson and Scott T. Wolfe.

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Routers

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  1. Routers By Bob Larson and Scott T. Wolfe

  2. RAM/DRAM—Stores routing tables, ARP cache, fast-switching cache, packet buffering (shared RAM), and packet hold queues. RAM also provides temporary and/or running memory for the router’s configuration file while the router is powered on. RAM content is lost when you power down or restart.

  3. NVRAM - nonvolatile RAM; stores a router’s backup/startup configuration file; content remains when you power down or restart.

  4. ROM - contains power-on diagnostics, a bootstrap program, and operating system software; software upgrades in ROM require replacing pluggable chips on the CPU

  5. Interface - network connection through which packets enter and exit a router; it can be on the motherboard or on a separate interface module

  6. Consistent end-to-end addressing • Addresses that represent network topologies • Best path selection • Dynamic routing • Switching

  7. Dedicated Digital Services • T1, T3, E1, E3 • T1 - 1.544 Mbps • T3 - 44.736 Mbps • E1 - 2.048 Mbps • E3 - 34.368 Mbps • xDSL (DSL for Digital Subscriber Line • HDSL - high-bit-rate DSL • SDSL - single-line DSL • ADSL - asymmetric DSL • VDSL - very-high-bit-rate DSL • RADSL - rate adaptive DSL • SONET (Synchronous Optical Network • OC-1 = 51.84 Mbps • OC-192 = 9,952 Mbps • Other WAN Services • dial-up modems (switched analog) • cable modems (shared analog) • wireless • terrestrial • satellite Circuit-Switched Services POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) Narrowband ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Packet-Switched Services X.25 Frame Relay Cell-Switched Services ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) SMDS (Switched Multimegabit Data Service)

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