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Explore the concept of energy in living organisms through the role of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy carrier in cells. Learn how cells store and release energy using ATP, and how biochemical processes such as active transport, movement, and protein synthesis rely on ATP for energy. Discover the importance of ATP in maintaining cellular functions and the balance of ions across cell membranes. Understand the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs in energy production, particularly through photosynthesis. Uncover the vital role of ATP in sustaining life processes, from muscle contraction to cellular signaling.
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Lesson Overview 8.1 Energy and Life
Chemical Energy and ATP • Energy- ability to do work. • Your cells are busy using energy to build new molecules, contract muscles, and carry out active transport. • Without the ability to obtain and use energy, life would cease to exist. • ATP- release and store energy by breaking and re-forming the bonds between phosphate groups.
Storing Energy • Cells store energy by adding phosphate groups to ADP, producing ATP. • Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- two phosphate groups instead of three. • Not as much energy as ATP.
Chemical Energy and ATP • ATP- adenosine triphosphate • ATP consists of adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups.
Releasing Energy • ATP- bonds are broken between the second and third phosphate groups to release energy stored
Using Biochemical Energy • Active transport uses ATP • Ex: cell membranes contain sodium-potassium pumps. ATP provides the energy that keeps these pumps working, • maintaining a balance of ions on both sides of the cell membrane. • pumps 3 Na+ ions out of the cell, & 2 K+ ions into the cell • sodium/potassium pump
Using Biochemical Energy • ATP powers movement • provides energy for motor proteins that contract muscle and power the movement of cilia and flagella. • cilia & flagella
Using Biochemical Energy • ATP powers synthesis of proteins and responses to chemical signals at the cell surface. • cell signals
Using Biochemical Energy • ATP does not store large amounts of energy over the long term. • It is more efficient for cells to keep only a small supply of ATP on hand. • Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP as needed by using the energy in foods like glucose.
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs • Photosynthesis: Plants, algae, and some bacteria (autotrophs) convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates.
