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Exploring Compound Machines: Understanding Simple Machines and Their Applications

Dive into the mechanics of compound machines in this engaging summer science workshop. Participants will learn about simple machines like levers, pulleys, and inclined planes, and how they combine to form complex systems. Activities include hands-on experiments and online resources that allow educators to discover the fundamental principles of work and energy transfer. Through collaborative projects like designing Rube Goldberg machines, teachers will reflect on classroom applications of science concepts to enhance student learning in STEM fields.

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Exploring Compound Machines: Understanding Simple Machines and Their Applications

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  1. Summer Science WorkshopCompound Machines How Many Teachers Does it Take to Change a Light Bulb? Lynne M. BaileyCSD 9 Title IIB STEM Grant lynnembailey@yahoo.com

  2. Pre-Requisite • If you did not complete the first simple machines workshop, visit www.edheads.org; click on Simple Machines, click Start and visit the House • How do you learn? Visit http://www.educationplanner.com/ to find out – take the quiz

  3. Paperwork Introduction Protocols Online learning style test Objectives Review Work & Machines Activities Analyzing devices Exploring online activities and resources Reflection and classroom application Share-out Agenda

  4. Introductions • Paperwork done? • Protocols – leave no tracks! • No food at computer stations please

  5. What Are Machines? • Devices that do work • Don’t increase the amount of work done, but make work easier • How? By changing the force, the distance or the direction of the force

  6. What Makes Them Simple? • Requires the application of a SINGLE force to work

  7. Simple Machine Review • Inclined Plane (Ramp) • Lever • Wedge • Wheel & Axle • Screw • Pulley

  8. Inclined Plane • http://weirdrichard.com/inclined.htm • What simple machines are inclined planes?

  9. Wedge • What wedges do we use all the time?

  10. Lever • Bar that’s free to move about a fixed point called a fulcrum • Three types F – R – E • First class lever – like a see-saw. One end will lift an object up just as far as the other end is pushed down • F = Fulcrum in the middle • Second class lever – like a wheel barrow. Long handles are really the long arms of a lever. • R = Resistance in the middle • Third class lever - like a fishing pole. When the pole is given a tug, one end stays still but the other end flips in the air catching the fish. • E = Effort in the middle

  11. Wheel & Axle • Rolling along – how would we transport without them? • Reduce resisting force by distributing it throughout the wheel or axle, and therefore make it easier to haul loads

  12. Screw • What simpler machines make a screw? • What everyday machines use screws? • Online demo at http://www.fi.edu/qa97/spotlight3/screwdemo.html • Archimedes screw at http://www.cs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Screw/ScrewAnimation.html

  13. Pulleys • How Stuff Works: Block & Tackle (pulley) • http://science.howstuffworks.com/pulley.htm • Are there pulleys in the room?

  14. Complex Machines • Back to www.edhead.org; Go to Simple Machines and click on the Tool Shed for complex machines and complete the activity • Let’s check out the Odd Machine next

  15. Let’s Try This • Go to Inventors Toolbox at http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/InventorsToolbox.html • Review the different kinds of machines • Continue to the Gadget Anatomy web page and complete the activity there • Group activity: Sketch your gadget!

  16. What is it? • http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/LeosMysteriousMachinery.html

  17. What Do Machines Have To Do With Work?

  18. What Is Work? • Amount of energy transferred by a force • You are doing work when you use a force to cause motion • Simply, when you cause something to move, that is work • To measure the amount of work you do, multiply the force times the distance the object moved. • Work= Force x Distance of object moved

  19. Inclined Plane Work Example • W (Fd)= F x D Work = Your Effort Force = Object to be movedDistance = How far the object is moved http://home.earthlink.net/~dmocarski/chapters/chapter5/ch5page.htm100 x 12’ = 400 lb X 3 feet • Energy is conserved: Work Input = Work Output

  20. Let’s Investigate • Java required for this website: http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/javalabs/java12/machine/index.htm • Teams conduct online experiments 1, 2 or 3 • Worksheets provided for data collection

  21. Constructing Devices • These devices are often found in compound machines • Gears: Jar tops, corrugated cardboard, pushpins • Belt Drive: Sewing spools; pencils, screws, or dowels; ribbon, base, sandpaper; figurines and glue • Cam Shaft: cut wood, cardboard tubes, dowels, glue guns • Find examples of how yours is used

  22. How Many Teachers does it take to … • Design a Rube Goldberg machine • If time… or on your own … construct part of the device you designed

  23. Rube Goldberg • http://pbskids.org/zoom/activities/sci/rubegoldberginventio.html#results • http://rube.iscool.net/ • http://www.snopes.com/photos/advertisements/hondacog.asp • http://www.teachersdomain.org/app.cgi/search/run_search?terms=machines

  24. Exploring Resources • Web page at wikipsaces.com • Technoed.wikispaces.com • Check the blog, http://lynnembailey.edublogs.org for updates or my website www.lynnembailey.com • What can you use in your classroom? • How can you apply this science thread in your subject area?

  25. Reflection and Share -out • Written reflection of today’s workshop or • Add a comment to the blog • http://lynnembailey.edublogs.org • Questions? • Tomorrow’s workshop • Complete evaluation forms

  26. Thanks for Coming! Lynne M. Bailey STEM Trainer 917.309.4361 lynnembailey@yahoo.com

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