The Responsible Use of Alcohol

1. The Responsible Use of Alcohol

2. Alcohol Use Patterns • 49% of Americans abstain from alcohol use • 22% are considered “light” drinkers • 29% are considered “risky” drinkers

3. Alcohol is responsible for more than 70,000 deaths per year among Americans • Through automobile crashes and other injuries alcohol is the leading cause of death among young people ages 15-24

4. UWG Statistics from 2008 • 77% of the students consumed alcohol in the past year • 62% in the past 30 days • 58% under age 21 in the past 30 days • 38% reported binge drinking in previous two weeks • 93% believe the average student uses alcohol once a week or more

5. So . . . Not everyone is a drunk! Reality is 62% of UWG students are not binge drinking every Thursday night! 38% haven’t even drunk in the past 30 days!

6. 90% view drinking as central to fraternity life • 85% view drinking as central to sorority life

7. Binge Drinking • A common form of alcohol abuse on college campuses • Defined as • having 5 or more drinks in a row for men, • 4 or more for women on at least one occasion in the last two weeks

8. Binge Drinking • Kills dozens of college students each year in this country • Fast, heavy drinking can easily raise BAC levels quickly, leading to unconsciousness and death

9. Recent National Report on College Binge Drinking • 44% of college aged students reported binge drinking • 44% also reported alcohol abuse as the largest problem on college campuses • 1,700 alcohol related deaths in 2001

10. Recent National Report on College Binge Drinking • College aged students reported • 696,000 assaults • 599,000 injuries • 97,000 sexual assaults/date rapes

11. So . . . What exactly is a “drink”?

12. Problem??? • One solo cup of “hunch punch” is NOT one drink! • In reality it could contain enough alcohol to equal 5-6 drinks!

13. Nature of Alcoholic Beverages • Consumable form of alcohol – ethyl • Fermentation: • process where sugars are converted into alcohol by yeast • Proof: • alcohol concentration that is twice the percentage concentration: 100 proof=50% alcohol Alcohol is a depressant!

14. Nature of Alcoholic Beverages • Beer = 3-6% • Table wine = 9-14% • Fortified wine = 20% • Hard liquors = 35-50% • Alcohol provides 7 calories per gram • 1 beer = 150 calories

15. Strength of beverage Number of drinks consumed Speed of consumption Carbonation of the beverage Presence of food Body weight Body fat percentage Gender Factors that Affect Alcohol Absorption and Blood Alcohol Concentration Levels

16. Metabolism and Excretion • Once alcohol reaches the stomach • 20% is absorbed into the bloodstream • 75% is absorbed through the upper part of the small intestine • The liver is the main site for alcohol metabolism • 2-10% of ingested alcohol is not metabolized by the liver or other tissues, it is excreted by the lungs, kidneys, and sweat glands unchanged

17. Blood Alcohol Concentration • Percentage of alcohol in a measured amount of blood • Measured from exhaled breath or blood sample • Depends upon the balance between the rate of alcohol absorption and the rate of alcohol metabolism

18. The Immediate Effects of Alcohol • At .03 - .05% • relaxation and jovial • At .10% • physical impairment • At .20% • uncontrollable movement • At .35% • coma and possible death • Legal limit is .08% for DUI

19. UWG Student Perceptions of Effects of Alcohol • 69% breaks the ice • 69% enhances social activity • 63% gives people something to talk about • 71% gives people something to do • 60% allows people to have more fun • 54% facilitates connection with peers • 48% facilitates male bonding • 47% facilitates sexual opportunity

20. 41% facilitates female bonding • 40% easier to deal with stress • 28% makes women sexier • 17% makes men sexier • 16% makes food taste better • 24% thought a sexual partner was not attractive because he/she was drunk • 33%reported some form of public misconduct at least once during the past year as a result of drinking

21. Alcohol Hangover vs. Alcohol Poisoning • Hangover • is probably due to a combination of toxic products of alcohol breakdown, dehydration, and hormonal effects • Symptoms • Headaches, Fatigue, Impaired mental functioning • Alcohol poisoning • is consuming large amounts of alcohol in a short amount of time, raising BAC to dangerous levels which could result in death due to: • CNS depression • Respiratory failure • Pulmonary edema

22. Warning signsof Alcohol Poisoning • Person cannot be roused (unconscious) • Vomiting • Seizures • Slow breathing • (fewer than 8 breaths per minute) • Irregular breathing • (10 seconds or more between breaths) • Hypothermia (low body temperature), • bluish skin color or paleness • Self defecation

23. Other Dangerous Alcohol Use Combination • Using Alcohol with Other Drugs • Impaired judgment from Alcohol leading to: • Injuries, Violence, Suicide • Alcohol and Sexual Decision-making • Unplanned sexual activity, STD’s, Accidental pregnancies • Drinking and Driving • Dose-response function

24. The Effects of Chronic Use

25. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Fetus is exposed to alcohol in a slower manner than an adult via the placenta • Damage results in • mental retardation • low birth weight, • facial abnormalities, • widely spaced eyes, and • a much smaller head. • Full expression rate: • 1-2 out of 1000 births

26. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome:

27. Alcohol Abuse and Dependence • Alcohol Abuse • recurrent use that has negative consequences that result in personal forms of difficulties • Alcohol Dependence (Alcoholism) • is a result of needing alcohol on a regular basis to function, involving physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

28. Problem Drinking and Alcoholism • Problem drinking • alcohol pattern where the behavior creates personal difficulties or difficulties for others • Co-dependence • relationships that support an alcoholic

29. Health Effects of Alcoholism • Withdrawal symptoms • can be acute (shakes or jitters) to more severe i.e. seizures, delirium tremens (DTs) • Alcoholism takes a heavy physical toll upon the body’s organs and tissues as well as causing psychological problems • Socially, it is a serious problem to families and friends • Economically, it effects employment and healthcare costs

30. Causes of Alcoholism • The precise causes are unknown, however the following factors are probably involved: • Genetics • Personality • Social factors • Environment • Family structure

31. Treatment for Alcoholism • Rehab centers • Hospitals • Medication • Counseling • Support groups

32. Alcoholism: Gender & Ethnicity • Among White American men • drinking starts in the teenage years and progresses into late adulthood • Women tend to become alcoholics much later • In their 40’s or 50’s • African-Americans • tend to have more health related problems with alcohol use • Latino men • Have the following common elements: drunk driving and cirrhosis • American Indians and Alaskans • tend to abuse alcohol early in life

33. Alcohol Website Resources • Al-Anon Family Group Headquarters www.al-anon.alateen.org • Alcoholics Anonymous www.alcoholics-anonymous.org • Alcohol Treatment Referral Hotline 800-ALCOHOL • The College Alcohol Study www.hsph.harvard.edu/cas • College Drinking Prevention www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/students

34. www.AlcoholScreening.org • www.bacchusgamma.org • www.hsph.harvard.edu/cas/ • www.hadenough.org • www.health.org • www.drugabuse.gov • The Gordie Foundation with video clip HAZE www.gordie.org