英语听说训练

1. 英语听说训练 主讲:李欣欣 Lee

2. 基础篇 Greeting Making a telephone Family and Hometown & Describing a person Weather and Season & Shopping Invitation & Entertainment 观点篇 Views (I, II) 话题篇 Time-Conscious Americans Environmental Protection Throughout the World Marriage Across the Nations Studying Abroad Weeping for My Smoking Daughter 影片欣赏

3. Be active! Be confident! Be passionate! Don’t be afraid of making mistakes! Practice makes perfect.

4. The door to all the best things in the world will open to me, and I know the key to that door is in my hand. I must do my part, I must faithfully follow the plan I make and take the actions I plan, I must never quit, I must never fear! I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed! 这个世界上一切美好的事物都向会向我敞开大门，我知道打开这扇大门的钥匙就握在我的手中。我必须付出劳动，我必须忠实遵守我的计划，我必须不停地采取行动，我绝不能放弃，更不能胆怯！我知道我一定要做到！我一定能做到！我一定会做到！我一定会成功！

5. 英音与美音的区别 [1] [ r ]音是最具区别性特征的美语音标之一。当[r]出现在词中与其它单元音组合在一起时，美语中的[ r ]便成了个典型的卷舌音，如bIRd, teachER等。在美语单词的音标标注当中，这个需要卷舌的[ r ]是以上标的形式出现的。这个[r]音虽然很好听，但不能不加辨别地瞎发，一遇到[ə]就加 [r]音，如下几个单词是不可以卷舌发的，idea [ɑɪ’diə]； money [‘mʌn ɪ]; China [’ ʧɑɪnə]; banana [bə’n ɑnə]。 [2] 咧嘴的梅花[æ ]与卷舌的长音[ɑr ]：美语里不存在[ɑ: ]音。我们可以参照国际音标简洁地归纳出美语的[æ ]音运用规则：英语中原本发[æ ]音的，在美语里同样发[æ ]音；英语中的[ɑ: ]音在美语里分别由[æ ]与[ɑr ]两种形式来对应。但凡英语音标为[ɑ: ]且单词中对应的是ar 组合（如car），那么美语中的对应音标为[ɑr ]，在发音时要注意在收尾时发出[r] 音，如Car [ka:][kɑr ] 。而对于英语中发[ɑ: ]但词中无字母R的单词（如pass），美语中则一律发成[æ ]音,如Pass [pa:s][pæs ] 。在这一点上英美语最有意思的分歧是CAN’T 这个词，音标分别是[ca:nt][cænt]。

6. [3] [ a ] 音。从英美音标对照表中我们能够注意到，美语摒弃了长元音符号[:] 。长元音[ ɔ : ] 在美语里由[ ɔ ] 与之对应，而短元音[ ɒ ] 与长元音[ ɑ : ] 则统统由[ ɑ ] 一个音标与之对应。如lot [ l ɒ t ] [ l ɑ t ] , 在发美音[ ɑ ] 时，你只要比英音的[ ɒ ] 口型再大些，时间上拉长一些，接近于或等于英音[ ɑ : ] 的口型就行了。这一段讲得比较复杂，做个小结吧：[ ɔ : ] 与[ ɔ ] 或[ ɔ r ] 对应；[ ɒ ] 与[ ɑ ] 对应。美语用[ ɑ ] 来代替国际音标中的[ ɒ ] 音是美语中第三个最显著的区别性特征。 [4] 开放的[ ɪ ] 音。英美语在[ ɪ ] 音上的音标书写方法是一致的，然而在实际的发法上，美语的[ ɪ ] 音较英语的[ ɪ ] 音口型要放得开一些。如stuDY ，英音口收得特别紧，听起来如“地”字。而美音呢则开放些，听起来介于 [ɪ]与 [e ɪ]之间。 [5] 形存实亡的[ʌ]音。同[ ɪ ]音一样，英美语的 [ ʌ ]音标虽然拼写一致，但实际的运用却也是不尽相同的。美语里倾向于把英音中的 [ʌ]音多半发成 [ə]音，如 hurry, [‘hʌrrɪ][‘hərrɪ]。 [6] 憨厚的[ u ] 音。美语用[ u ] 来对应英语的长元音[ u: ] ，短元音[ ʊ ] 在英美语中则都是一样的。问题在于，英音中有一个[j] 与[u] 的组合，即[j u: ] 音，如new[ nju: ] 。我们已经注意到，英美语辅音拼写只存在两个差异，一个是[ ɡ ] -[ g ] ，一个是[ j ]- [ y ] 。然而英语里发[j u: ] 的，到了美语里并非单由[ yu ] 来对应，而是分成了两种情况：第一种情况是[j u: ] -[ yu ] ，通常这些单词中都含有字母Y ，如You [ ju: ] [ yu ] ，当然这不是必然条件，如字母Q [ kyu ] ；第二种情况是[j u: ] -[ u ] ，典型的如new [ nju: ] [ nu ]。

7. [7] 清音浊化问题。英语里有一条清辅音浊化规则，亦即当清辅音如[k][t][p][tr] 等位于字母S 之后，且该音节为重读音节时，这些清辅音当浊化为[g][d][b][dr] 等。而美语里的清音浊化问题则远远超出了上述规定。美语中的另一条常见的清音浊化潜规则：当一个清辅音位于两个元音之间时，该清辅音通常浊化为相应的浊辅音。如letter [‘ letə ] [‘ l ɛ tər ] ，美语的实际发音为[‘ l ɛ dər ] 。值得一提的是，浊化并不是说[t] 完全变成了[d] 音，而是说这个[t] 音发得很接近于[d] 但又不象[d] 发得那样重。 [8] 美音的简化处理。美语充分利用连读爆破规则，能省则省：这得提一下美语里很特别的那个[ h ] 音，该音在美语里发得很弱很弱，弱到了可以省略的地步，以致于形成了一系列的听音难点。如Tell him ，Tell her ，在美语里便可以发成[‘ t ɛ l ɪ m ] [‘ t ɛ lər ] 。在美语，尤其是美语口语中，还存在着一种让人发晕的省音现象，亦即将多个单词利用连读爆破拼合在一起发出，细分的话这又要分成好几部分，这里只挑重点的说好啦：将to, of, have, me, you 等虚词与其它词合并到一起，如gotta （got to ），gonna (going to) ，kinda (kind of) ，musta (must have) ，gimme (give me) ，waddya (What do you) ，I dunno (I don’t know) 。

8. Lecture 1 Greeting

9. Daily Greeting Expressions 1.Hi./Hello. 2.Good morning/afternoon/evening 3.How do you do? 4.How are you/ you getting along /you doing/you keeping? 5.How are things (going) with you? 6.How’s everything (going) with you? / How’s it going? 7.Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet you. 8.I haven’t seen you for ages/ weeks/ months/such a long time. 9.How have you been? 10. What’s new/up?

10. Suggested Responses 1.Hi./Hello. 2.Good morning/afternoon/evening 3.How do you do? 4.Fine, thanks. And you?/Very well. /Terrible. I’ve caught a cold. 5. Pretty good./OK, I guess. 6.Everything is all right./OK./Not too bad./Great. 7.Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet you too. 8.It really has been a long time. 9. Quite well, thanks./Just so-so. 10. Wonderful. Things couldn’t be better. 11.Nothing much. What’s new with you? /Nothing much to tell you.

11. Quick Response • A: Hi, Betty! How are you doing? • B: • A: I don’t think we’ve met before. I’m Donald, Susan’s brother. • B: • A: Dad, this is my English teacher, Miss Kent. She comes from Australia. • B: 4: A: Hello, Jenny. Have you met my cousin John? B: 5: A: I don’t believe we’ve met before. My name is Philip, area Sales Manager of YOYO Toy Company. Nice to see you. B:

12. 6. A: Good evening, Mr. Stanton. Allow me to introduce myself. I’m Gao Jie, the new teacher. B: 7. A: Excuse me. I’m Amelia Roberts at Easyfly Travel Agency. Are you Mr. Nelson from Chicago? B: 8. A: Hi, Diana. Come and meet your new supervisor Mr. Andrew Lee. B: • A: Say, don’t I know you from somewhere? I’m Joe Mitchell at the National Bank. • B: 10. A: Hi, ladies! May I have the honor to introduce Mr. South, the head of our department. B:

13. Where are you from? Whereabouts? • How about yourself? • What brings you here? • I’m on vacation with my family. And yourself? • Do you like it here? • I think it’s great. What about you? • Are you enjoying your time here? • I love it. I’m having a fantastic time.

14. Introducing yourself 1.My name is… 2.Please allow me to / let me introduce myself. My name is… 3. How do you do? My name is… 4. I don’t think we’ve met before. I’m… 5. Hi, I’m Linda Smith. Call me Linda, will you?

15. Introducing other people 1.Do you know …/each other/him/her? 2.Mary, this is… 3.I’d like you to meet… 4.Have you met…before? Expressions for responding: • How do you do? • It’s a pleasure to meet you. • I’m very glad to meet you. • I’ve heard so much about you.

16. Dialogue Example 1: Situation: introducing her husband to her friend. W: Hello, Mr. Li. How are you? M1:Fine, thank you. And you? W:I’m fine too. I’d like you to meet my husband, Li Jie M1:Nice to meet you, Mr. Li. M2:Nice to meet you too. Example 2:Situation: Jacky introduces his neighbor to Wang. Jacky: Hello, Wang. Do you know Mary Lin? She is my new neighbor. Wang: Hello, Ms. Lin. I’m Wang Feng from China. Jacky: Wang Feng is my schoolmate. Lin: Nice to meet you, Wang. Call me Mary,please. Wang: Ok, Mary, where are you from?

17. Dialogue Example 3: Situation: Receiving clients at the airports A: Good morning, Ms. Brown. J: Good morning, Alex. A: Ms. Brown, this is Mr. Blake, the new Sales Manager. T: Ms. Brown, it’s a pleasure to meet you. J: Oh, hello, Mr. Blake. I’ve been looking forward to meeting you. How about the journey? You arrived here yesterday evening, didn't you? T: Not too bad. But my flight was delayed three hours because of the heavy fog, and I didn't get to the hotel till midnight…. J: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. How terrible! I hope the hotel is not too bad. T: It’s wonderful. When I woke up in the morning, I thought I was still in my home.

18. Activity Situational Dialogues You are the area sales representative of M&M Company. You go to attend a reception party held by the Chamber of Commerce. Introduce yourself to the receptionist and ask her to pick up several distinguished guests for you. The receptionist introduces a guest for you. Make a dialogue.

19. The door to all the best things in the world will open to me, and I know the key to that door is in my hand. I must do my part, I must faithfully follow the plan I make and take the actions I plan, I must never quit, I must never fear! I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed!

20. 1 Lovely weather, isn’t it?    2 May I introduce you to my friend John? 3 Have you been to Canada before? 4 How’s everything with you? 5 How do you like it here? 6 How do you do? 7 Doesn’t Linda look gorgeous tonight? 8 What a lovely dress you’ve got on! a)Nice to see you. b)No, actually it is my first time over here. c) How do you do? d) Oh, it is absolutely marvelous here. e) Doesn’t she always? f)  Yes, isn’t it, not a cloud in the sky. g)  Thank you, I’m glad you like it. h)  Can’t complain, everything is going very smoothly indeed!

21. Lake of autumn I remember quite clearly now when the story happened. The autumn leaves were floating in measure down to the ground, Recovering the lake, where we used to swim like children, Under the sun was there to shine. That time we used to be happy. Well, I thought we were. But the truth was that you had been longing to leave me, not daring to tell me. On that precious night, watching the lake, vaguely conscious, you said: Our story is ending. The rain was killing the last days of summer, You had been killing my last breath of love since a long time ago. I still don’t think I’m gonna make it through another love story. You took it all away from me. And there I stand; I knew I was going to be the one left behind. But still I’m watching the lake, vaguely conscious, and I know my life is ending.

22. Lecture 2 Making a telephone

23. Warming Up • Are you familiar with the following sentences? • You are wanted on the phone. • Nice talking to you. • Are you still there? • Hold on, please. • I think you must have dialed the wrong number. • I’ll transfer the call to Mr. Wang. • Sorry I couldn’t follow you. • The line is busy.

24. Lead-in Making a phone call isn’t always easy, especially if you don’t know the person on the other end of the line very well... This unit will show you how to make a phone in business English.

25. Situational dialogues Dialogue 1 A: Hello. May I speak to Miss Mary, please? B: I’m sorry. Miss Mary is not in for the moment. I’m her secretary. Who’s calling, please? A: Zhao from China Silk Corporation. B: Would you like to leave a message, Mr. Zhao? A: Yes, please. Could you tell her that Zhao Yu phoned. I’d like to see her tomorrow morning. B: I’m afraid she’ll be fully engaged then, but how about tomorrow afternoon? Does that suit you? A: Yes. That suits me very well. Thank you very much for your help. Goodbye. B: You’re welcome.

26. Dialogue 2 James: Hello This is Johnson's Company. May I help you？ A Man: I’d like to speak to the manager please. James: Hold the line, please. I’ll see if he is around. Linda, It’s for the manager. Do you know where he is now？ Linda: I think he has gone out and won’t be back for quite a while. James: Hello ,Sir. The manager isn’t in at the moment. Can I take a message？ The man: Oh！yes , please. Just tell him I’ll expect his call at 10 this evening. My number is 4856659,Thanks.

27. Situational Telephone English If you are not good at telephone English, the following sentences may be helpful. (1)Just a moment, please. (2) Hold the line, please. I'll get an English speaker. (3) Hold on, please. I'll get someone to the phone. (4)I'm sorry, I don't speak English well. I'll have an English speaker call you back later. May I have your name and telephone number? Opening remarks for a telephone (1) Good morning. This is Chengtai Trading Company. May I help you? (2)Good afternoon. This is Dan An Commercial Bank. What can I do for you? (3)Pioneer Electronics. This is Mary Wu speaking. (4)Hello. Overseas Sales Department. Taming Wang speaking. (5) Hello. This is the Wang residence. (6)Good afternoon. Taming Wang speaking. (7)Wenkai Yang Speaking.

28. If you can’t follow the caller, use the following sentences: • (1) Could you put that in more specific terms? • (2) I'm not sure what you mean. • (3) I'm sorry. I couldn't follow you. • (4) You're talking too fast. I can't keep up. • (5) Will you explain a little bit more? • (6) Could you put that more simply? • (7) I'm afraid I didn't understand that. Could you say that again, please? • (8) Excuse me, but I didn't hear that, would you mind repeating it, please? • (9) Sorry, but I didn't catch that, would you mind spelling it, please? • To make sure who the caller is: • (1) Who's speaking, please? • (2) May I have your name, please? • (3) Who is that calling?

29. To end a call: (1) Thank you for calling. (2) It was kind of you to call me. (3) Nice talking to you. (4) Call me again any time. (5) Thanks for returning my call, good-bye. (6) Let's keep in touch, good-bye.

30. Practice 1 Talking on the phone Work with a partner. Use English to make the following telephone dialogue expressed in Chinese. A:(1)喂，你好。 B: (2)你好。请问约翰在家吗？ A:(3)请稍等我看一下，……(4)他刚出去。(5)请问你有什么事么？ B:(6)我是玛丽。(7)你能让他回来后给我回电话么？ A: 好的，(8)他有你的电话号码么？ B: 好象没有。 A: 请等一下，(9)我去拿支笔。(10)请说。 B: 5-6-4-7-3-4-8 A: 5-6-4-7-3-4-8，玛丽，是吗？ B: 是的，谢谢。 A: 不客气，再见。

31. In fact, there are different expressions that can be used in the same situation by a receiver and a caller. Just see the following: （1）喂，你好 Hello! Tom’s speaking. Hello. Tom. Hello. Mr. Black’s office. Good morning. Mr. Black’s office. （2）你好，请问约翰在家吗？ Hello. (May/Could/Can) I speak to John? Hello. I’d like to speak to John, please? Hello. I’m looking for John. Hello. Is John here? Hello. Is John in? Good morning, I’d like to speak to John, please. （3）请稍等，我看一下。 Hold on, please. I’ll see if he’s in. Just a minute/second/moment, I’ll get him. Hold the line, please. Don’t hang up, please.

32. （4）他刚出去。 He is (out/not in) at the moment. He’s not around at the moment. （5）请问你有什么事？（你要留个电话吗？） Would you like to leave a message? May I take a message? Any messages for him? （6）我是玛丽 This is Mary (speaking). Mary here. Mary speaking. （7）你能让他回来后给我打个电话吗？ Could you tell him to ring me up when he’s back? Would you ask John to call me back when he returns? Please have him return my call. Tell him to give me a call, please.

33. （8）他有你的电话号码吗？ Does he have your telephone number? （9）我拿支笔。 I’ll get a pen. Let me get a pen. （10）请说。 OK, please./Go ahead.

34. Practice 2 Make dialogues in pairs according to the following situations. Situation 1 Miss Carter telephones to speak to the manager. The secretary answers the phone and tries to get her through. But the manager’s line is busy. She asks Miss Carter to call back a few minutes later. Situations 2 You are Mr. Jones’ assistant. You receive a call, but he is out for the day visiting a branch company. Ask for the caller’s name and phone number and offer to ask Mr. Jones to call back later. Situation 3 You receive a call from A, a friend working in the same corporation as you, but in a different department. He asks to for a short chat over coffee tomorrow. You’d like to keep the appointment.

35. Practice 3 Presentation What is more important when answering a foreigner’s phone: ◆ Fluent English ◆ Phone Etiquette ◆ Receiver’s confidence

36. I think three things are important when answering a foreigner’s phone. The first point to consider is fluent English. With fluent English, the receiver can communicate with the foreigner easily and effectively. Phone etiquette is also very important, if the receiver can’t show correct phone etiquettes, the caller may feel annoyed and finish the call. The last point to pay attention to is the receiver’s confidence, confident receiver can always make dialogues complete and won’t miss important information.

37. Practice I. How do you introduce yourself to: 1. A girl at a party. 2. A boy sitting next to you before a lecture begins. 3. A teacher in his/her office. II. How do you introduce your classmate to your parents? III. How do you introduce your boss to your new colleague? IV. How would you greet: 1. A classmate 2. A professor 3. An old friend you come across in the street V. How would you respond to the following greetings? Good morning! How are you getting along at the university? How’s your family? Beautiful day, isn’t it? Nice to meet you.

38. Summary Here are some useful expressions you can use in such situations: Good afternoon. May I introduce myself? My name’s Alex White and I’m the new….. How do you do? I'm Chris Grey. Pleased to meet you. Hello, I’m Pat Black. I’ll just let Mr. Green know you are here. Ms Smith, I’d like you to meet Mrs. Jones. Mrs. Jones is from….. Hello, Sandy, have you met Joyce Lee? She’s our new….. Mr. Evans, have you met Miss Lucas? She’s from… Morning, Eddie, do you know Frank, our new… Yes, I think we’ve met before. Good to see you again! Yes, we met in… didn't we? Nice to see you again! That’s right. Hello again. How are you? Yes, it was last summer, I think. How are things?