Nursery IPM

1. Nursery IPM June 1,2010 Next IPM June 15, 2010

2. Growing Degree Days Inches of Precipitation 592 10.9 PERRY 563 12.9 MADISON AVON 8.8 641

3. White Pine Weevil  adult emergence  84  • Eastern Tent Caterpillar  egg hatch  92  • European Pine Sawfly  egg hatch  144  • Inkberry Leafminer  adult emergence  150  • Spruce Spider Mite  egg hatch  162  • Boxwood Psyllid  egg hatch  179  • Gypsy Moth  egg hatch  192  • Azalea Lace Bug  egg hatch  206  • Birch Leafminer  adult emergence  215  • Elm Leafminer  adult emergence  219  • Alder Leafminer  adult emergence  224  • Honeylocust Spider Mite  egg hatch  227  • Honeylocust Plant Bug  egg hatch  230  • Hawthorn Lace Bug  adult emergence  253  • Pine Needle Scale  egg hatch - 1st generation  305  • Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid  egg hatch  308  • Eastern Spruce Gall Adelgid  egg hatch  308  • Optimal time to spray for gypsy moth    370 

7. Cool-Season Pests – Spruce Spider Mite – inactive most of summer!

8. Traditional Kelthane Morestan Cygon Orthene ? Alternatives Avid Hexygon (eggs & larvae only, spider mites only) Floramite (spider mites only) Sanmite (spider mites only) Conserve Pyrethroids?? Soaps or Oils Miticides X X X X

9. Black Vine Weevil Management What’s Lost? Ficam (Turcam) Orthene is on the way out! What are the Alternatives? Merit! (home owner product available, apply to soil, NOT mulch, not for adults!) Pyrethroids for Adults DiSyston (disulfoton) (home owner products available, BVW not named on label, apply to soil!) Commercial application : Talstar, Guthion , Scimitar,

10. Borers Continue – White Pine Weevil – white pine & SPRUCE

11. Most perennials have one or two species of aphids that may feed on them. The goldenrod aphid (above) feeds on a variety of daisy and composite flowers. The milkweed aphid (right) feeds exclusively on plants in the milkweed family.

12. Traditional Diazinon Dursban Sevin Orthene (Professional only) DiSyston Alternates Pyrethroids Soaps & Oils Azadirachtin- neem Imidacloprid Plant Bug & Aphid Control (for residential sites) X X

13. Lace bug nymphs. Lace bugs that attack deciduous plants overwinter as adults. Those that attack broadleaf evergreens overwinter as eggs. Sassafras lace bug adults. Most lace bug females attach their eggs to leaves with their excrement.

14. Lace Bug Insecticides Traditional • Dursban • Sevin • Orthene Alternatives • Pyrethroids [Tempo, Talstar, Deltagard, Scimitar, Astro] • Imidacloprid • Azadirachtin • Soaps or Oils X X

15. Pine needle scale females. Note pinkish eggs at end of scale test (shell) and a settled crawler at upper left. Group of pine needle scale settled crawlers (tan) and a couple of fresh crawlers (pinkish) in color.

21. Taxus Mealybug Dysmicoccus wistariae (Green) Females are oval, brown but covered with white wax and they reach 4 mm in length. They are characterized by being on Taxus and the adults have four longitudinal bare areas on down the back through which the reddish-brown body can be seen. Males are known but are uncommon. The eggs apparently hatch within the female body. One generation is common in the most northern states, but two to three generations have been recorded in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. It overwinters as early instars located within bark crevices. These mature by mid- to late June and another generation occurs in 50 to 60 days.

22. Greenhouse Mealybugs Key to the Most Common Mealybugs found on Flowers and Foliage Plants

23. Azalea Bark Scale Acanthococcus azaleae (Comstock) This scale is becoming more common on azaleas, rhododendrons and blueberry. Exposed females are oval with pointed abdomens and dark reddish-purple in color. On the plant, the females appear as dirty white, felt covered ovals up to 3 mm long. In northern states, they overwinter as partially mature nymphs or adults with the eggs being produced in May and crawlers emerging from June to mid-July. In warmer climates, the scales often overwinter as eggs or first instar nymphs with the first generation emerging in July to August. Crawlers tend to settle on leaves but nymphs move back to branches as they mature.

24. Lecanium Scales several genera that used to be simply Lecanium spp. Almost every woody ornamental plant has one or more species of lecanium scale that may infest it. The females are generally football shaped and flattened when newly formed, but they may expand dorsally dramatically as they produce eggs. Parthenogenic and biparental species are known. This group contains some of the largest scales in North America. The magnolia and large hickory scale females may reach 12.5 mm in length. Most of the species can infest multiple hosts.

25. Name Hosts Generations Crawlers Large Hickory Lecanium Birch, Hickory, Pear, Elm 1 June Calico Scale Maple, Hackberry, Sweetgum, Plum 1 May Terrapin Scale Maple, Linden, Plum 1 May-June Magnolia Scale Magnolia 1 August-September European Fruit Lecanium Polyphagous - Maples, Oaks 1 May-June Fletcher Scale Juniper, Taxus, Hemlock 1 (2?) late June-July Small Spruce-bud Scale Spruce, Fir 1 June Globose Scale Plum 1 late June

26. Control Hints:Oystershell Scale This scale can be locally common and if left unchecked, it can cause significant branch dieback. Since this scale overwinters as eggs under the female shell it is less susceptible to dormant oil sprays than the euonymus scale. Strategy 1: Biological Control - Conserve Predators and Parasites - A couple of small lady beetles and several parasitic wasps seem attack and often control this pests. However, these biological controls are usually killed by the pesticides used for the control of other insect pests. Careful monitoring of predators and parasites as well as using pesticides with little effect on beneficials can allow biological control to be successful. Strategy 2: Chemical Control - Dormant Oil Sprays - Since these scales overwinter as eggs, dormant oil applications seem to have little effect. Strategy 3: Chemical Control - Horticultural Summer Oil Sprays - The 1% to 2% summer horticultural oil sprays are often effective against freshly settled crawlers and young nymphs. Horticultural oil sprays in combination with insecticidal soaps or insecticides are even more effective. Strategy 4: Chemical Control - Crawler Sprays - This is the time honored technique. Sprays will be needed, usually one or two at a seven day interval, after the crawlers have emerged and settled in early June and again in early to mid-August. Strategy 5: Chemical Control - Systemic Insecticides - Systemic insecticides are very effective against young settled crawlers. Sprays should be applied after the crawlers have settled, in June and August.

27. Control Hints:Euonymus Scale This scale generally has continuing, often overlapping, generations during warm months. This makes it difficult to time controls for susceptible stages such as crawlers and freshly settled crawlers. Several parasites and predators are known but apparently are unable to control this pest. Strategy 1: Cultural Control - Plant Resistant Material - Avoid using creeping euonymus or pachysandra for ground covers, especially in warmer states where continuous generations occur. Some of the cultivars of euonymus are less susceptible to attack. Check with your nurseryman for varieties displaying resistance. Strategy 2: Chemical Control - Horticultural Oil Sprays - Since this pest overwinters as adult females, dormant oil sprays are fairly effective in reducing populations. Thorough wetting of the stems and leaf undersurface should be attempted. The crawlers and newly settled scales are also controlled by summer oil sprays. Strategy 3: Chemical Control - Crawler Sprays - This is the traditional control strategy and spray applications need to be applied in late May to early June for the first generation. The first generation of crawlers are more synchronized than later generations. Strategy 4: Chemical Control - Systemic Insecticides - Systemic insecticides are often effective if applied when the young nymphs have recently settled.

28. Armored Scales Name Hosts Generations Crawlers Winter Rose Scale Rose 1-2 mid-July & mid-Sept eggs Juniper Scale Juniper, Cedar 1 mid-June females/eggs Scurfy Scale1 Apple, Pear, Plum 2 late May & August eggs Pine Needle Scale Pine, Spruce, Fir 2 mid-May & mid-July females/eggs Putnam Scale Polyphagous - Maples, Linden 1-2 May & July females Sweetgum (pit) Scale Sweetgum 1-2 early June & late July females Oystershell Scale Polyphagous (130 hosts) 1-2 May (& mid-July) eggs Obscure Scale Oaks (many other trees) 1 late June to August 1st & 2nd instars Black Pineleaf Scale Pine, Hemlocks 1 early July females San Jose Scale Polyphagous, mainly fruits 2-3 early June, late July, Sept 1st & 2nd Euonymus Scale Euonymus, Holly, Pachysandra 2-3 May - June & July – Aug females 1 “Scurfy” scale species also occur on: maple, elm, hickory, honeylocust, sycamore, and wisteria (all species of Chionaspis)

37. Bagworm

42. Lesser Peach tree borer Rhododendron borer Lilac ash borer

43. Dogwood borer Viburnum Borer

50. Columbine leafminer adults (above right) feed by making "pinholes" in leaves (left). Eggs are inserted into leaves and the larval maggots make winding mines which may end in a large blotch (upper left).