电大英语

1. 电大英语 第二册

2. Unit 1 语法:现在完成时态(have/has+pp) 1.现在完成时的用法(见CB) p.1------2 2.现在完成时的构成 (见SHB) P.1----2

3. 动词词组的用法 1.get over:忘却(不愉快的经历,情绪等) 及物动词词组,后接宾语. Geoge didn’t get over his homesickness for some time. They got over this problem by leaving their baby with their parents. 2.hear from:收到…来信.及物动词词组,后接‘某人’.

4. For example: I hear from her three times a month. They’ll be delighted to hear from you again. 3.put on weight:增加体重.也可以说 gain weight;反义词组为 lose weight. eg, I was twelve,starting to put on weight and grow taller. He seemed happy,except that he had gained a lot of weight.

5. I think she might have lost a bit of weight. • 4.give up sth.or doing sth.放弃 (做)某事.及物词组,后接名词或动名词.eg. • She never completely gave up hope. • It’s unrealistic to give up smoking to save money • .单词辩析 • 1.upset v./adj./n. • v.通常表示： • a.使担忧，使不安 1

6. 例：Do whatever your mother tells you,or you’ll upset her. b.引起（胃）疼痛，难受。如： This kind of food upset her stomach. (2) adj. 形容词，表示 ：担忧，着急，不快乐。如： He is upset about what she told him. She seldom gets upset when she is answered ‘no’. (3) n.作名词时，表示，乱七阿八糟，混乱不堪的状态。或造成这种状态的行为。如： A complete upset of the classroom. 2.busy adj/v.

7. (1)作形容词时表示: a.忙碌，忙 。 如： The teacher is very busy now. b.繁忙的，作定语修饰名词。 如： This is a busy city. c.（指电话线）占线。 如： Sorry,the line is busy. 当表达－－忙于某事，忙于干什麽，可用：busy with, Busy at, busy (in) doing sth. 如: She is busy with her homework. The man was busy at work when someone called him on the phone.

8. When she entered the room,he was busy in hiding something under the bed. 如果所说‘特别忙’，还可以用 as busy as a bee/bees .如 She is running from door to door as busy as a bee. (2)v.动词，表示－－忙于干某事。 如： He busied himself with his housework. . 3.once, adv/conj a, adv. 副词 。 表示一次。如；He’s been here once. once a week b.以前，从前。 如： They were once friends,but now they are enemies.

9. Once 常用在词组里， 如： at once立刻，马上 They all spoke at once,but l heard nothing at all. Once in a while 偶而，不时地 如： Once in a while he’ll come to visit us. Once more ,once again 再次，再来一遍。如： Once more,please. c.作连词用，表示；一旦，只要 等意思，用来引起时间状语（从句） 如： Once published,the novel will be very popular. the end of Unit 1

10. Unit 2 语法:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时是跨过去时和现在时的一种混合时态。即它的动作发生在过去，但强调对现在的结果或过去的事对现在的影响。一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作和情况，与现在毫无关系。

11. 现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用。如：yesterday,two weeks ago,in 1980, when l got there 等。 现在完成时常与 already,often,ever,never,yet,not..yet, Just, since, for, now, today, this month, this year, recently,these few days 等。

12. 动词词组的用法 1.make up: 虚构，编造（故事，借口等） 及物 He is good at making up excuses. There isn’t any little girl called Mary.He has just made her up. 2.wash up: （餐后）洗餐具。 不及物动词词组。如： She insisted on helping me wash up. After supper we’d wash up and he’d sit by the fire. 3.fall into:落入，陷入，开始（引申）

13. We fell into conversation as the train pulled out of the station. 4.use up: 用完， 耗尽。V+up 表示 完全，彻底－完 Please don’t use up all the milk.We shan’t be able to get any more until tomorrow. If we use up all the world’s resources,there won’t be any thing left for our children. 5.fly over 飞行在－－上空，在－－上方分飞过。Over 是介词，含有凌空越过的意思。 Richard Byrdto fly was the first man over both Poles.

14. 单词辩析 1.since, prep. a d. conj (1)prep.表示 ：从过去某时刻到现在，至今，在那以后， 用于现在时和现在完成时。 I have not seen him since last week. (2) ad (用于完成时）表示：在过去某一时刻到现在这段时间里。 如： We met him last month,but we’ve not seen him since. ever since, 表示：至今，从那时到现在，放在句末。

15. Her husband died three years ago and she has been living here ever since. (3) conj.用于一般时和完成时，引导时间状语（从句） a.自从过去某个时刻，某件事情以来。 如： She has been learned 400 English words since she began to study the language last year. b. ever since , conj. 表示：从过去某时起（一直） They have been friends ever since they became classmates at middle school. 注意 since and for作介词都表示：：持续一段时间。

16. 它们都可已用于完成时，作时间状语，但是since往往与表示时间点的短语连用，侧重动作开始的时间。而 for常 • 与表示一段时间的短语连用，强调动作持续的时间长短。 • We have not seen each other since last week. • We have not seen each other for two weeks. • 2.chance, n. / v • 作名词， • a.机遇，运气 如： • Chance played an important role in his success.

17. b. 可能性， 如： There isn’t any chance for him to pass the test. c. .机会 ， 与 opportunity 同义 Last year l had the chance/opportunity of visiting Japan. （2）作动词时，表示：某事碰巧发生，也有：冒险，碰运气 The teacher chanced to be in the classroom when l went in. 3.popular, adj.

18. （1） 流行的，时兴的 Long hair is popular among young men. (2) 受人敬仰的 He is well-know in his country,but he is not a popular president. (3) 受欢迎的。 常与 with 连用。 Jane was very popular with the boys in her class when she was at college. (4)一般的，平常的，普通的 ‘Mike’ is a very popular name for a boy in America.

19. 4。Journey, trip,tour,voyage旅行， 旅途 Journey常指陆上旅行，译作：旅程，旅途 Voyage常指海上航程， Tour常指短期旅游，游览，周游，漫游， Trip 指 旅行，游览 They had a long train journey last month. When l graduate,l will make a long sea voyage. We went on a guided tour around the city. He planned to make a trip to Asia,but failed to.

20. 5。So far, up to now, until now, up to the present 为同意词， 表示：迄今为止，直到现在 I’ve learned 200 words so far. So far 也表示：到某种程度，某一点为止 So far, so good.到目前为止，一切尚好。 The end of Unit 2

21. Unit 3 现在完成进行时 （have/has +pp ) 1.现在完成时的构成 : 2.现在完成时的用法： 3。动词 4。现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别(见SHB) P.16------19 动词词组的用法 1。Take up 开始（从事于……）及物词组。 I thought l’d take up fishing.

22. He decided to take up medicine as a career. 2.throw away :扔掉， 及物词组。丢弃，扔掉，浪费时间，金钱， 错过机会，放过机会 Don’t throw anything away if you can avoid it. Never throw away a chance to improve your spoken English. 3.give way (to) 让位于……，让步于……即：前者被后者代替。 The old world is giving way to the new.

23. 单词辩析 1.phone: 非正式用法，等于 telephone n./v. The phone does not work. He phoned to say he couldn’t be here on time. phone 用作动词时，同义词还有 to telephone, to ring, to call.区别 to call (AmE), to ring (BriE) Did you succeed in ringing him up? I’ve been looking for him throughout the world. I called him yesterday ,but someone said he had not been to his office for two mo

24. 2。 A number of 一些，有些 We had a number of visitors yesterday. A (great) number of 用来修饰可数名词。 A (great /good)deal of; A (great/large) amount of 可这两个词组修饰不可数名词。 A lot of/ lots of 即可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 如： A great number of guests gathered around in the hall. He needs a lot of food. Tom has won a great deal of support from his collegues.

25. A large amount of sugar has arrived at the port. 3. Like, v./prep 作介词当 “象……一样” as, prep. 作介词译为 “象………”如： Tom is speaking to her like a brother. （汤姆不是她哥哥，只是以哥哥的口气说话） Tom is speaking to her as a brother. (汤姆是她哥哥） the end of Unit 3

26. Unit 4 语法： 被动语态 被动语态的定义，构成， 用法，带有行为主体的被动结构，及其对动词的要求 （见SHB) P.22-25 动词词组的用法： 1。Cut down 砍倒，削减， 及物词组。 If many trees are cut down,forests will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Save time for yourself by cutting your shopping down to twice a week.

27. 2，be made from 由……作成（看不出原材料） Paper is made from wood. be made of (看出原材料） The houses were made of bricks. be made into (前者变成后者） The old kitchen is made into a little bedroom. 3. Keep….out of 使……置身于…之外，使…避免… The potatoes are kept out of the sun and heat. I wish you would keep those kids out of my way.They are giving me a headache.

28. 单词辩析 1.flavor Flavour (AmE) 味道，味浓，味香，名词 There is a strong flavor of cheese in the room. flavor v. 作动词用， 添加味道 Mother flavored the cake with chocolate. smell v./n. 作动词表示：用鼻子嗅，感觉，体验 I could smell that the milk was not fresh. 作名词时，当 “嗅觉，刺激嗅觉的气味。 The flower has a stronger smell than others.

29. Taste v./n. 尝一尝， 尝出 I always taste the dish before it is served on table. She was ill,so she couldn’t taste anything at all. My taste has gone today because of my cold. 2.pack,package,packet 包，捆，扎 pack---背包 packet—小包， 小包裹，一包东西 The old man carried some food and water in a pack on his back. The teacher entered the room,carrying a large packet of books.

30. 3.take off =cut down 去掉，砍掉 Every year there are thousands of trees cut down. All the little branches were taken off the trunk. take off/put on 脱衣服／穿衣服 Take off your coat,It’s very hot here. Remember to put on your overcoat. take off (飞机） 起飞 The plane will take off at half past two. the end of Unit 4

31. Unit 5 语法：被动语态的时态： 1。现在时（am/is are+pp) 2. 过去时(was/were+pp) 3.将来时（will/shall+be+pp/ be going to+pp) 4.进行时（is/am/are+being+pp) 5.完成时（have/has+pp) 6.情态助动词（情态动词＋pp) 7.不定式（to be+pp)

32. 动词词组用法 1。Call for 要求，呼吁 The Chinese people call for peace. Controlling a class calls for all your skills as a teacher. 2.help sb. With sth.=help sb.to do sth We must try to help students with their confidence in their ability. 3.be well-known for 由…而出名＝be famous for Shan Xi Province is well-known for its coal in China.

33. 单词辨析 1.worth/worthy worth: prep./n. a. prep. 值，价值 如：The new typewriter is worth 200 yuan. b.值得 worth+n./pron./ving He felt it was not worth the effort. The risk is worth taking. It +be worth+doing…作某事很值得 It is not worth listening to him.

34. c. worth : n. 表示：价值（一定数量钱的东西）；需要或 维持（一定时间的工作或食物等） 如： There is about $2000 worth of furniture in that big house. There is still another two hours worth of flight to the country. worthy : adj.表示 ：有价值的，有义意的，有能力的， 有出息的，值得尊敬的 Tom is the worthies winner of the race. Mary is a leader worthy of great respect.

35. Everyone believes that the cause is worthy. • He is not worthy to be chosen monitor of the class. • Either..or…./neither….nor…. • 中的either是肯定用法: “二者之一， 二者任何一个 • neither 是否定用法， “二者中哪个都不 ” • a.作形容词，修饰限定其后的名词或代词。 • There are many big trees on either side of the street. • Neither way to the station is near.

36. either/both either修饰单数名词，both修饰复数名词 b. pron.用来代替两个事物中的“任何一个”或“一个都不” He’s read the two novels,but he does not like either. He has heard of neither of the books. c. adv.意思是： 也，也不 I didn’t go to the meeting,and my wife did not either. I did not see him.Neither did I. d. conj. Either…or/ neither…..nor….. 要麽…要麽…／不…也不…

37. Either you or I am to go to the theatre. He’s been to neither Beijing nor Xi’an. 3.cover/ uncover /discover /recover cover: v. 掩盖， 覆盖，占地（面积） She covered her ears with her hands. The ground was covered with snow. cover: n.遮盖物， 盖子， 封皮 I always put a cover on the table. uncover: 揭开（盖子），揭露，发现 Who uncovered the water jar?It’s very dirty now Discover:发现或找到已存在但不为人知的东西。

38. Columbus discovered America in 1492. Recover: 恢复，（原状，健康） He has recovered from his bad cold. the end of Unit 5