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Morphological Specialization in Somatic Sensory Cortex: Mechanosensory and Pain Processing

This article explores the cell-stained sections of the primary somatic sensory cortex, detailing the distinct layers, neuron densities, and areas defined by histology. It delves into the organization of somatic sensory areas, neuronal types, output systems, and cortical pain representations. The text summarizes the early specialization of DRG neurons for mechanosensory and pain systems, varied ascending pathways, and the emotional ties to pain processing in cortical areas.

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Morphological Specialization in Somatic Sensory Cortex: Mechanosensory and Pain Processing

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  1. • Cell-stained section (Nissl) 1° Visual Cortex • most 6 cell layers

  2. Layer 1 Layers 2 & 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Layer 6 •neuron density varies

  3. Over 50 areas Defined on basis of histology Somatic sensory areas: 1° somatic sen. cx = 1, 2, 3a, 3b Brodmann’scytoarchitectonicareas

  4. Skinreceptors Deepreceptors Somatic Sensory Cortical Areasfor Mechanosensations 1° somatic sensory cortex Area 5 (3° SScx) Postcentralgyrus Centralsulcus Postcentralsulcus Area 7 (Posterior Parietalcortex) 2° somatic sensory cortex

  5. from Thalamus to Other cortical areas back to Thalamus to Subcortical areas Pyramidal neuron: projection neuron Layer 1 Layers 2 & 3 Layer 4 Stellate Neuron: interneuron Layer 5 Layer 6

  6. 1° Somatic Sensory Cortex Output Systems VP lateral VP medial Mechanosensation

  7. Emotional/salience/valence Medial dorsal Anterior cingulate Ventral med. Post. (VM po) Mid-insular cortex Limbic cortex Behavioral Autonomic Amygdala Ventral posterior (VPL/VPM) 1° SS Cortex ??Localization/Discrimination Cortical Pain Representations Thalamus Cortex Behavior

  8. Cingulate gyrus: emotional/valence Postcentral gyrus: localization Insular pain representation: behavioral (autonomic; react)

  9. Summary • Early morphological specialization of DRG neurons sets stage for separate mechanosensory and pain/temp/itch systems • Different ascending pathways to distinct subcortical and cortical sites • Single thalamic mechanosensory nucleus and 1° ctx • Multiple thalamic pain nuclei and cortical areas • Parietal lobe projections may play role in stimulus localization, esp. for touch • Cortical pain representations closely tied to emotions

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