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Momentum: The Key to Moving Matter

Discover the concept of momentum, a crucial property of moving matter that influences the direction and speed of objects through forces. Learn about inertia, kinetic energy, momentum conservation, and how to calculate momentum in various scenarios.

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Momentum: The Key to Moving Matter

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  1. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Momentum • Momentum is a property of moving matter. • Momentum describes the tendency of objects to keep going in the same direction with the same speed. • Changes in momentum result from forces or create forces.

  2. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Momentum • The momentum of a ball depends on its mass and velocity. • Ball B has more momentum than ball A.

  3. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Momentum vs. Inertia • Inertia is another property of mass that resists changes in velocity; however, inertia depends only on mass. • Inertia is a scalar quantity. ( 10 kg) • Momentum is a property of moving mass that resists changes in a moving object’s velocity. • Momentum is a vector quantity. (10 kg x m/s east)

  4. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Kinetic Energy and Momentum • Kinetic energy and momentum are different quantities, even though both depend on mass and speed. • Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity. • Momentum is a vector, so it always depends on direction. Two balls with the same mass and speed have the same kinetic energy but opposite momentum.

  5. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Momentum • Ball A is 1 kg moving 1m/sec, ball B is 1kg at 3 m/sec. • A 1 N force is applied to deflect the motion of each ball. • What happens? • Does the force deflect both balls equally? • Ball B deflects much less than ball A when the same force is applied because ball B had a greater initial momentum.

  6. MOMEMTUM p = m v Calculating Momentum • The momentum of a moving object is its mass multiplied by its velocity. • That means momentum increases with both mass and velocity. Momentum (kg m/sec) Velocity (m/sec) Mass (kg)

  7. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Comparing momentum A car is traveling at a velocity of 13.5 m/sec (30 mph) north on a straight road. The mass of the car is 1,300 kg. A motorcycle passes the car at a speed of 30 m/sec (67 mph). The motorcycle (with rider) has a mass of 350 kg. Calculate and compare the momentum of the car and motorcycle. • You are asked for momentum. • You are given masses and velocities. • Use: p = m v • Solve for car: p = (1,300 kg) (13.5 m/s) = 17,550 kg m/s • Solve for cycle: p = (350 kg) (30 m/s) = 10,500 kg m/s • The car has more momentum even though it is going much slower.

  8. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Conservation of Momentum • The law of conservation of momentum states when a system of interacting objects is not influenced by outside forces (like friction), the total momentum of the system cannot change. If you throw a rock forward from a skateboard, you will move backward in response.

  9. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Conservation of Momentum

  10. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Collisions in One Dimension • A collisionoccurs when two or more objects hit each other. • During a collision, momentum is transferred from one object to another. • Collisions can be elastic orinelastic.

  11. MOMENTUM Calculating Conserved Momentum • Remember p=mv • So if it is conserved, then… m1v1=m2v2 • Before and after all collisions • Let’s try….

  12. MOMENTUM

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