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Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function. Essential Questions – What structures can be found inside cells and how do they function? How does the shape of an organelle help it perform its function?. Objectives. Students will be able to:

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Cell Structure and Function

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  1. Cell Structure and Function Essential Questions – What structures can be found inside cells and how do they function? How does the shape of an organelle help it perform its function? How are living things alike?

  2. Objectives • Students will be able to: • Explain how different parts of the cell allow it to carry out its functions. How are living things alike?

  3. Warm-up • What is the function of this object? • How does its structure aid in its function? Big Question: How does your body work?

  4. Agenda – Today Students Will: • Explain vocabulary terms in their notes by writing terms in their own words • Explore the concept of structure and function by participating in a class discussion. • Explore the functions of cell organelles by listening to a teacher guided discussion • Evaluate their understanding of cell functions by completing an interactive website activity • Evaluate their understanding of the key question How are living things alike?

  5. Vocabulary Terms • Structure - the arrangement of particles or parts in a substance or body • Function - the action for which a person or thing is specially fitted or used or for which a thing exists

  6. Structure vs. Function Human hand Bat wing Big Question: How does your body work?

  7. Structure vs. Function • Discuss: • How is the structure of a hand different than its function? • Why would the structure of a human hand be different than the structure of a bat wing? • Why do you think organelles have specific structures?

  8. Bacteria cells are different than plant and animal cells. Image Source: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg&imgrefurl=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html&usg

  9. Animal Cell: Image source: Pearson Prentice Hall

  10. Plant Cell: Image source: Pearson Prentice Hall

  11. Cell Membrane • The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane) controls what comes into and out of cells. • All cells have a cell membrane. http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/cell_membrane.gif

  12. Ribosomes • Ribosomes make proteins. • Ribosomes are the factories of the cell.

  13. Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm or Cytosol is the jelly-like fluid that fills the inside of the cell. It helps hold the other organelles in place.

  14. Endoplasmic Reticulum • ER: Transports proteins around the cell.

  15. Nucleus • Nucleus: Control center of cell; directs cell activities • Nuclear Membrane or Nuclear Envelope: controls what comes into and out of the cells • Nucleolus: makes ribosomes • Chromatin: genetic material of cell

  16. Mitochondria • Mitochondria (Singular: Mitochondrion) • Powerhouse of cell • Convert energy from food into energy the cell can use (ATP)

  17. Golgi Body (Apparatus, Complex) • Golgi Body: packages, sorts, and transports materials around the cell

  18. Vacuole • Vacuoles store materials for cells (water, food, waste) • In plant cells, help the cell keep its shape • Much larger in plant than animal cells

  19. Peroxisomes • Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and alcohol. • Create hydrogen peroxide as a by-product • Break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

  20. Flagella (Singular: Flagellum) • Flagella: whip like structures that help the cell move.

  21. Capsule • Capsule: Protective structure that encloses the bacterial cell

  22. Nucleoid • Nucleoid: Genetic Material in a prokaryotic cell.

  23. Cell Wall • Rigid Structure that helps the cell keep its shape. Plant cells also have a cell wall.

  24. Pilli • Pilli: Hair like structures found on the outside of the cell. They aid in reproduction and can also help the cell move.

  25. Chloroplast • Chloroplast: Where photosynthesis occurs. • Uses chlorophyll – green pigment that captures energy from sunlight http://www.biology4kids.com/files/art/cell_chloroplast1.gif

  26. Cell Wall • Cell Wall: Protects the cell. • Provides shape and support. • Made of cellulose

  27. Lysosomes • Lysosomes: Break down food into smaller particles. • Also breaks down waste and old cell parts.

  28. Review • Evaluate your understanding of cell structures and their functions by completing the interactive activity on the website below. • You may not recognize some terms or know their meanings. • Sometimes the website may use a different term for a cell structure than what we learned today. • Try your best to reason through the question. • It is ok if you don’t know the answer, you can check your answer and try again. • Click Here

  29. Conclusion - Evaluate Answer today’s key questions: • What structures can be found inside cells and how do they function? • How does the shape of an organelle help it perform its function? How are living things alike?

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