Copy these on the top half of NB–46.

1. Copy these on the top half of NB–46. 8.3 Study Questions 17–24 • What were the Federalist and Antifederalist positions on states’ rights and a strong central government? • What were The Federalist papers? • How did the Federalists and the Antifederalists try to win support for their sides in the debate over the Constitution? • What advantage did Federalists have over Antifederalists in the debate over ratification? Allow three lines per question! Two–thirds One–third

2. Copy these on the bottom half of NB-46. • Why did George Mason and Patrick Henry oppose the ratification of the new constitution? • What is the Bill of Rights? • What was the significance of the Bill of Rights? • How is Jefferson’s Statute for Religious Freedom reflected in the Bill of Rights? Allow three lines per question! Two–thirds One–third

3. Draw the following on NB–47. Federalism – (allow 2 lines for a definition)

4. Lesson 8.3: Ratifying the Constitution Today we will evaluate the major debates that took place during the ratification of the Constitution.

5. Vocabulary • evaluate – to decide value or worth of something • debate – a discussion or argument • ratification – the process of getting official public approval of a new law or policy

6. Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • What is something you might evaluate? • Why is it often difficult to win a debate with an adult? • Why is ratification important in passing a new law? • What is a constitution?

7. What We Already Know In 1787, many Americans still remembered how hard they had to fight to protect their rights from a government that threatened their rights.

8. What We Already Know When the Articles of Confederation failed to provide a government strong enough to meet the needs of the country, state delegates met to create a new constitution and a more effective national government.

9. What We Already Know Although compromises were crafted on several issues to create a new constitution, the various debates showed that the delegates had strong differences of opinion about how the government should work.

10. A B C Using your whiteboards, indicate which of the three causes shown above you think was the most important reason why people wanted to change the Articles of Confederation.

11. Track with me as I read. The men who attended the Constitutional Convention and wrote the Constitution are often referred to as ‘the framers of the Constitution.’

12. The framers suspected that the people might be afraid the Constitution would take too much power away from the states. James Madison, Father of the Constitution

13. Framers of the Constitution explained that it was based on federalism, meaning that the powers of government are shared between the national government and the state governments.

14. Those who supported the Constitution became known as Federalists. People who opposed the Constitution were called Antifederalists.

15. What is federalism? Federalism is a system of government in which power is shared between the national government and the state governments.

16. Read aloud with me: • Both Federalists and Antifederalists believed that the government was too weak under the Articles of Confederation. • But they disagreed over just how much power should be taken from the states and transferred to the national government.

17. Leading Federalists Alexander Hamilton John Jay James Madison

18. Leading Antifederalists George Mason Patrick Henry

19. Federalists and Antifederalists disagreed over how strong the national government should be. from textbook page 235

20. Federalists and Antifederalists disagreed over how strong the national government should be. from textbook page 235

21. Federalists and Antifederalists disagreed over how strong the national government should be. from textbook page 235

22. Federalists and Antifederalists • Federalists wanted a strong central government. • They wanted the powers of government to be divided between three branches. • The Federalists also wanted the executive branch to be strong enough to enforce federal laws in all the states, especially the collection of taxes and tariffs. A tariff is a tax on imported goods.

23. Federalists and Antifederalists • Most Antifederalists were opposed to a strong executive branch, because they thought that a strong president might become a king. • Some Antifederalists thought the Senate might become a powerful aristocracy. An aristocracy is a government ruled by wealthy nobles.

24. Federalists and Antifederalists • Antifederalists thought the Constitution took too much power away from the states. • They supported states’ rights, which give the states more power than the national government. • Antifederalists also were suspicious of the Constitution because it contained no bill of rights.

25. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

26. 17. What was the Federalist positions on states’ rights and a strong central government? • Federalists felt the Articles had created a weak government. • Federalists believed that power should be shared between the federal government and the states. • Federalists thought the Constitution took too much power away from the states. • Federalists were suspicious of the Constitution because it contained no bill of rights. Choose all that are true!

27. 17. What was the Antifederalist positions on states’ rights and a strong central government? • Antifederalists opposed the Constitution because it did not create a strong executive branch. • Antifederalists strongly supported states' rights. • Antifederalists thought the Constitution took too much power away from the states. • Antifederalists believed a bill of rights should be added to the Constitution. • Antifederalists demanded a stronger federal government. Choose all that are true!

28. The Federalists wrote essays to answer the Antifederalists’ attacks. • These essays – known as The Federalist papers – were written by three well-known politicians: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. • These essays were published in newspapers, so all the people could read them. • In The Federalist papers, Federalists appealed to reason and emotion, explaining why people should support ratification.

29. Most of the newspapers supported the Constitution, which gave the Federalists an advantage during the battle for ratification. • Even so, there was strong opposition to ratification in Massachusetts, North Carolina, Rhode Island, New York, and Virginia. • If some of these states failed to ratify the Constitution, the United States might not survive.

30. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

31. 18. What were The Federalist Papers?

32. The Federalist Papers were a series of essays in support of the Constitution, written by John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton to give . . . • the reasons for their opposition to the Constitution. • an interpretation of the Constitution so that the people would support it. • reasons why Congress should restore trade with Britain. • an explanation why the United States was supporting the revolution in France.

33. 19. How did the Federalists and the Antifederalists try to win support for their sides in the debate over the Constitution? • They made personal attacks on the reputations of the men on the other side. • They published their views in newspapers, essays, and pamphlets. • They appealed to the fears and emotions of the American people. • They traveled through the states giving speeches.

34. 20. What advantage did Federalists have over Antifederalists in the debate over ratification? • Most members of the Constitutional Convention were Federalists. • Most newspapers supported the Constitution, and gave the Federalists more publicity. • Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence, was himself a Federalist. • All the political leaders in Virginia were supporters of the Constitution.