SoLaHmo Partnership for Health and Wellness:

1. SoLaHmo Partnership for Health and Wellness: CBPAR Definitions April 13, 2018

2. A CBPAR Definition • “CBPR is a partnership approach to research that • equitably involves all participants • in all aspects of the research process • where each person shares their expertise • in order to enhance knowledge and • to develop interventions that will benefit the whole community.” ---Barbara Israel et al 1998 Israel A et al. Review of Community-Based Research: Assessing Partnership Approaches to Improve Public Health. Annual Review of Public Health. 1998 19:173-202.

3. Barbara Israel- Key Principles • Recognizes community as a unit of identity • Begins with, builds on community strengths & resources • Facilitates collaborative, equitable partnership throughout - an empowering and power-sharing process • Promotes co-learning and capacity building • Integrates and creates a balance between knowledge generation and action for mutual benefit of all partners • Emphasizes local relevance of public health problems… that attend to multiple determinants of health & disease. • Involves systems development through cyclical/ iterative • Involves all partners in the dissemination process as co-authors and presenters • Involves long-term process & commitment from all partners

4. Another Definition • CBPAR is NOT a research project. • “It is a social change project of which the research is one piece. • As such, it has three goals: • Learn relevant knowledge/ skills, • Develop relationships of solidarity, • Engage in action that wins victories and builds self-sufficiency. • Doing research is not, in itself, a goal. • Research is only a method to achieve these broader goals.” ----Randy Stoecker, 2003 Stoecker R. ‘Are Academicians Irrelevant?’ Approaches and roles for scholars in community based participatory research. In Minkler M, Wallerstein N. editors. Community Based participatory Research for Health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2003: 98-112 (with quote on page 102). Stoecker R. Research Methods for Community Change: A project-based approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2005.

5. The Spectrum of Research Participatory Researcher Driven • Communities & researchers decide about topics, questions, & methods • Power and decision making are shared equally • Communities/ researchers are experts and co-learners • Primary goals are improved health, empowerment & capacity building • Researchers select research topics, questions, & methods • Power and decision making are in researchers’ hands • Researchers are the experts • Primary goal is knowledge production for its own sake

6. Degrees of Community Engagement in Research No community engagement Community placed research Collaboration with community, but researcher driven CBPR or CBPAR Recruitment from community organization Secondary data analysis, or basic science Community sponsor on researcher defined project Community involved in all aspects of research

7. References: CBPAR • North American Primary Care Research Group: Responsible Research with Community Policy Statement. www.napcrg.org/responsibileresearch.pdf • Community-Campus Partnerships for Health http://depts.washington.edu/ccph/commbas.html • Israel BA, Eng E, Schulz A, Parker E, ed. Methods for Community-Based Participatory Research for Health. 2nd ed. : John Wiley & Sons; 2013. • Minkler M, Wallerstein, N, eds. Community-Based Participatory Research for Health: From Process to Outcomes. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons; 2008. • Minkler, M, ed. Community Organizing and Community Building for Health and Welfare. 3rd edition. US: Rutgers Press; 2012. • Stoecker R. Research Methods for Community Change: A project-based approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2005