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1. GET READY! Which of the following did NOT contribute to the United States

1. GET READY! Which of the following did NOT contribute to the United States decision to declare war against Great Britain in 1812? A. American military and economic preparedness for war. B. American concern for national honor . C. The impressment of American seamen.

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1. GET READY! Which of the following did NOT contribute to the United States

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  1. 1. GET READY! Which of the following did NOT contribute to the United States decision to declare war against Great Britain in 1812? A. American military and economic preparedness for war. B. American concern for national honor. C. The impressment of American seamen. D. British interference with United States commerce. E.American fears of British aid to Native Americans (Indians)

  2. October 15, 2012 • GET READY! • Which of the following increased Southern planters’ reliance on slave labor? • a. The Missouri Compromise • b. Invention of the steamboat • c. The invention of interchangeable parts • d. The Louisiana Purchase • e. The invention of the cotton gin

  3. Objective 8: What were the significant events surrounding and within the Jefferson Administration? Awww nuggets….I guess I have to support Jefferson….

  4. Spain controlled the most territory in North America with valuable cities like Mexico City, New Orleans, St Louis, & Los Angeles In 1800, the USA was a new & weak nation sharing North America with other European powers North America in 1800 But, Spain’s hold on these territories was slipping British Canada was sparsely populated, but its control over the fur trade & Great Lakes frustrated westward-bound Americans Russia dominated the fur trade in Alaska France ruled Haiti & gained Louisiana from Spain in 1801 during the Napoleonic Wars

  5. From 1800 to 1810, the U.S. had major population growth; Grew by 2 million people Intense migration to the trans-Appalachian West after 1790 led to new states The United States in 1800 …and cities, like Cincinnati (after Fallen Timbers) which used the Mississippi & Ohio Rivers for trade Ohio (1803) Kentucky (1792) Many western settlers were concerned that Spain controlled New Orleans Tennessee (1796)

  6. Cotton quickly became the dominant Southern crop of the 19th century The U.S. Economy in 1800 By 1810, 84% of Americans were directly involved in agriculture Cotton production entrenched the South’s “need” for slaves & expedited Northern industrialism The Southern economy was dominated by rice & tobacco cultivation Eli Whitney’s cotton gin in 1793 allowed for a cotton boom in the South

  7. By 1800, industrialization was just beginning in America The U.S. Economy in 1800 The Northern economy was more diverse than the South, but most Americans were involved in cultivating livestock & grains By 1810, 84% of Americans were directly involved in agriculture Boston, NY, Philadelphia relied on international trade, otherwise cities played a marginal role (only 5% of Americans lived in cities) Samuel Slater designed cotton-spinning factories in NE; but most textiles were homemade

  8. Jefferson entered office after the “revolution of 1800” with a clear political ideology & goals: • To reduce size & cost of government & promote republican agrarianism • To repeal key Federalist policies (Alien & Sedition Acts & John Adams’ midnight appointments of key Federalist judges) • To maintain international peace

  9. The Louisiana Purchase • In 1801, France gained Louisiana from Spain & seemed ready to create an empire in North America • -But, the Haitian revolution & cost of European wars led Napoleon to lose interest in America • -In 1803, Jefferson negotiated with France to buy New Orleans, but Napoleon offered to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million

  10. The Louisiana Purchase • Jeffersonian contradictions: • The Constitution was vague on which branch had the authority to purchase new lands • Jefferson abandoned “strict construction” to buy Louisiana • Jefferson signed the Louisiana Gov’t Act which denied self-rule to Louisiana residents Republicans feared giving the mostly French & Spanish residents of New Orleans authority in a territorial assembly

  11. The Louisiana Purchase increased tensions with Indians: • Americans rejected coexistence with Indians • Tecumseh swayed the Shawnee & other tribes to stop selling land & to avoid contact with whites • Jefferson hoped to “civilize” Indians into yeoman farmers & planned for a vast reservation west of the Mississippi River

  12. Jefferson’s Reelection • Jefferson ended his 1st term as a very popular president: • He maintained international peace with England & France • Reduced taxes for Americans • Doubled the size of the U.S. • In 1804, Jefferson was re-elected as president & the Republicans took the majority in Congress

  13. Despite his electoral victory, serious divisions divided Jefferson’s second term as president

  14. Division in the Republican Party The Jeffersonian & Quid factions became separate parties by 1824 • The decline of the Federalists suspended the two-party system: • Led to Republican dominance in national politics from 1800-1820 • But…without a clear party to oppose, many Republicans began attacking Jefferson’s policies • The Tertium Quids (“nothings”), criticized Jefferson’s betrayal of strict construction & sacrifice of virtue to get results as president National Republicans were absorbed into the Whig Party Jacksonians became the Democratic Party The “Virginia Dynasty” (Jefferson, Madison, Monroe) dominated the executive branch Republicans controlled both houses of Congress

  15. The Slave Trade • At the Philadelphia Convention, slavery was tabled until 1808 • In Dec 1806, Jefferson urged Congress to prepare a slave law: • Southerners furiously argued against any slavery legislation • Congress passed a law that ended the slave trade in 1808, but smugglers were to be turned over to local authorities

  16. A war would be too expensive & destroy his plans for a small gov’t Renewed Conflict Overseas The embargo hurt the NE economy The embargo did not hurt England or France • In 1803, England & France resumed their war & violated U.S. neutrality rights by seizing ships & impressing American sailors: • Jefferson refused to declare war on either England or France • In 1807, Jefferson approved a very unpopular embargo that prohibited U.S. merchants from trading with England or France Exports fell from $108 million in 1807 to just $22 million in 1808 Required huge gov’t oversight & an expensive army to suppress smuggling

  17. Objective 9 – Madison’s Presidency • Continue to answer the questions on your student worksheet…

  18. “Never did a prisoner, released from his chains, feel such relief as I shall on shaking off the shackles of power.”—TJ The Embargo of 1807 • For 15 months the embargo proved ineffective; Congress repealed the embargo in 1809 • Jefferson’s decision to not run for a third term meant that these problems fell to his hand-picked successor, James Madison • In 1808, Madison was elected president & the Republicans maintained control of the gov’t The embargo gained no political concessions from France or Britain But it produced economic hardship, smuggling, & political dissent in America Congress repealed the embargo just 3 days after Jefferson left office

  19. The Road to the War of 1812 …but England continued to seize U.S. ships Madison eagerly reopened trade with England • The focus of Madison’s presidency was foreign policy: • In 1809, the Non-Intercourse Act promised the U.S. would resume trade with England & France once U.S. neutrality is respected • In 1810, Congress replaced this with Macon’s Bill #2 offering exclusive trade to whichever nation 1st honored U.S. neutrality France agreed to end all trade restrictions (but never stopped seizing ships or impressing sailors)

  20. Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution” Madison eventually gave in & asked Congress for a declaration of war in June 1812 Which region would have supported a declaration of war the most? Americans in the West & South wanted war to gain Canada & Spanish Florida NE Federalists thought war with Britain as a mistake: they feared the U.S. could not defeat England & a war would bankrupt the country Most calls for war centered on British interference with U.S. trade rights. “Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry By 1810, War Hawks in Congress, led by Henry Clay (KY) & John C. Calhoun (SC), demanded war with England

  21. The War of 1812

  22. War of 1812 The U.S. did not fare well against the better-trained British troops The U.S. navy was a little more successful but only because the bulk of British navy was still fighting Napoleon in Europe • Despite increased patriotism, the U.S. was unprepared for war: • Congress refused to raise taxes • The army was small & state militias were inadequate • The government was incapable of directing a full-scale war • The U.S. goal for the war was to attack British Canada & force England to respect U.S. rights

  23. The American army under Andrew Jackson defeated the British at New Orleans (after a peace treaty was drawn up ending the war) The War of 1812 In 1814, the British took the offensive in a 3-pronged attack British were turned back at Plattsburg on Lake Champlain & gave up their Canadian offensive The British attacked the undefended Chesapeake & burned Washington, DC & laid siege to Baltimore

  24. Hartford Convention The War of 1812 is still going on!! In order to reduce southern control of Congress • Federalists opposed the war by not paying taxes or sending troops • In 1814, Federalists met at the Hartford Convention to discuss altering the U.S. Constitution to: • restrict Congress’ war powers • supported a one-term president • abolish the three-fifths clause • They discussed seceding from the USA if they did not get their way In order to break the Virginia presidential dynasty

  25. Treaty of Ghent • Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but did not address U.S. neutrality • Effects of the War of 1812: • Ended all Indian-British alliances in western lands • Scared Spain into signing the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819 • The lack of Federalist loyalty was the fatal blow to the party Spain ceded Florida to the USA

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