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Missiles

Missiles. Rebecca Lucast. This is what I am going to talk about. Theory of missile guidance systems Different kinds of systems and the weapons they support (shorter range than intercontinental) Specific guidance that uses radar and how it does so Applications: Star Wars.

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Missiles

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  1. Missiles Rebecca Lucast

  2. This is what I am going to talk about • Theory of missile guidance systems • Different kinds of systems and the weapons they support (shorter range than intercontinental) • Specific guidance that uses radar and how it does so • Applications: Star Wars

  3. Theory of Missile Guidance

  4. Different Types of Systems • Beam Riding • Command Guidance • Navigation • Inertial • Ranging • Celestial • Geophysical • Homing • Passive • Semiactive • Active • Retransmission

  5. Beam Riding • Outdated technology, in use in the 1950s • Target painted by tracking beam, which missile would follow • Computer calculated where missile was in beam to keep it aimed to target • Poor at longer ranges

  6. Command Guidance • Like Beam, needs external targeting radar • Tracks target and missile, sends information to missile to guide it into target • Can be radio- or wire-guided, as in TOW or submarine torpedoes

  7. Navigation • Inertial– detect changes in position and movement • Ties into last week, right? • Ranging– GPS, airport beacons • Celestial– mapped stars like early explorers • Geophysical– terrain and digital scene matching

  8. Inertial • Gyroscopes (mechanical and laser) and accelerometers monitor rotation and acceleration on the axes • Computer calculates changes to know position

  9. Ranging • GPS triangulates position, compares to programmed target position • Like early explorers, keep track of position relative to known stars Celestial

  10. Geophysical • Scene matching compares what missile “sees” during flight to programmed aerial or space photos • Course adjusted until pictures match • Tomahawk cruise missile guidance system • Terrain features programmed into missile • Radar altimeter to tell missile where it is

  11. Homing Guidance • Passive • Locks onto signal given off by target, calculates relative position of target, guides in • Can be heat signal, instrument noise, sound, or a visual image of target • Air-to-air, air-to-surface, and other missiles • Sidewinder and HARM weapons

  12. Homing Guidance • Semi-active • Missile detects reflected signal broadcast by targeting radar • Calculates relative position of target, guides in • Sparrow and Paveway • Paveway are laser guided, not radar • External laser beam from air or ground reflects from target to incoming missile

  13. Homing Guidance • Active • “Fire and Forget” • Missile broadcasts own targeting radar • Detects reflection, guides into target • AMRAAM and Exocet weapons

  14. Homing Guidance • Retransmission • Similar to command guidance in that missile does not “think” • Missile detects reflection, sends information to tracking computer • External computer sends course-correction controls back to missile • Need reliable communication back to missile • Patriot missile system

  15. US Missile Defense System “Star Wars” • Ground-based radar to detect launch of enemy missile • Follow path, distinguish from false targets • Transmit data to friendly intercept missile to guide it into target • Completely destroy enemy missile in the air to prevent possible ground contamination?

  16. Acknowledgements • www.HowStuffWorks.com • www.aerospaceweb.org for diagrams, overview • http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/missiledefense/nmd.html • http://www.acq.osd.mil/mda/mdalink/pdf/bmdsbook.pdf for missile defense diagram

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