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Understanding Heat Stress and Vibration Effects in Occupational Settings

This article explores the critical factors influencing heat stress in the workplace, including dry bulb temperature, wet bulb, and radiant heat. It highlights the impacts of thermal stress, dehydration, and heat-related illnesses, along with preventive measures such as acclimatization and proper ventilation. Furthermore, the piece discusses the effects of vibration, both whole-body and segmental, detailing how exposure to mechanical vibrations can harm health over time. Understanding these hazards is essential for ensuring safe work environments.

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Understanding Heat Stress and Vibration Effects in Occupational Settings

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  1. Faktorphysik

  2. Heat stress • Iklimkerja : kombinasidarisuhukering, suhubasahdansuhuradiasi • Bebantambahan yang ditanggungpekerjasaatbekerja

  3. HOMEOTHERMIS • M +Kond+Konv+ R – E= 0 • M= metabolism • Kond = konduksi • Konv = konveksi • R = radiasi • E = evaporasi

  4. HEAT (PANAS) • FACTOR YANG BERPERAN : • SUHU KERING • SUHU BASAH • SUHU RADIASI PARAMETER : INDEX SUHU BASAH BOLA (ISBB)- WET BULB GLOBE TEMPERATUR (WBGT) DALAM RUANG : ISBB = 0.7 SB + 0.3 SK DI LUAR : ISBB = 0.7 SB +0.1 SK +0.2 SR

  5. DAMPAK PANAS • KERINGAT • DEHIDRASI • MILIARIA • HEAT STROKE • HEAT CRAMPS • MALAISE

  6. PREVENTION • AKLIMATISASI • REKAYASA TEHNIK (PANAS  DINGIN) • VENTILASI (PENGATURAN ALIRAN UDARA) • AIR MINUM MINERAL

  7. COLD (DINGIN) DAMPAK: • HYPOTHERMI • FROSTBITE • GANGRENE

  8. PREVENTION • AKLIMATISASI • REKAYASA TEHNIK • ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI • ADMINISTRASI (JAM KERJA – SHIFT KERJA)

  9. Vibration (getaran) • Vibration merupakanosilasimekanikdarititiktertentu organ tubuh. Getaranbisamerusakkesehatanpadafrekuensi 2 – 1000 Hertz padajangkawaktu lama. • Getaranfrekuensirendah (2-100 Hz) padaseluruhtubuh (whole body vibration) sepertidikendaraantransportasi. • Padagergajimesin, mesinpemukul (pneumatic tool) bisabergetarpada 20 – 1000 Hz.

  10. Whole body vibration • Biasanya low frequency vibration (2 -100 Hz) • Perubahanpadastrukturtulang, gangguanpencernaan, kecepatankonduksisyaraf. • Dalamkendaraanmenimbulkan motion sickness

  11. Segmental vibration • Padafrekuensirendah (2 -40 Hz) • Pada pneumatic drill • Terjadidegenarisendikhususnyasikudanbahu • Padafrekuensi 40 -300 Hz sepertipenggunaangergajimesin, bisamenimbulkanRaynaud’s phenomenon

  12. Rekomendasi • Janganmenggunakan vibratory hand tool • Redesign tool denganmengurangi hand arm vibration • Perawatanekstrapadaalat vibratory hand tool. • Medical examination bilaadakeluhan rasa tebal, kedap, merah, nyeri • Upayakantangantetaphangatdalam glove. • Hilangkangetaranbilamungkin.

  13. Radiation • Ionizing radiation ( x ray, Gama) • Non ionizing radiation (ultraviolet, visible light, infra red, microwave/radiofrequency, laser radiation)

  14. Ionizing radiation • Electro magnetic : X-ray, Gamma ray • Particulate : electron, proton, neutron, alpha particle • Ionizing radiation munculpadasaat energy yang keluarpada atom mengalamidisintegrasidari element yang tidakstabilsecaraalamiahseperti uranium, thorium, radium

  15. Asal ionizing radiation • Sinar cosmic ; dariluarangkasa • Terrestrial radiation ; dariuranium,radium • Internal radiation; dari Carbon -14, Potassium-40

  16. Radiation injury • Stochastic effect; efek yang bervariasidlmfrekuensi, tapitidakparah/tinggidalamdosis. Contoh: efek mutagenic, carcinogenik, teratogenic • Non stochastic; bervariasidalam dose dankeparahan. Contoh: kuliterythema, cataract, infertility, haemopoesisdepresi. Non Stochastic ada threshold karenamemerlukandosistinggiuntukmembunuh sel. Keduaefekmenimbulkanperubahanpadatingkatsel (chromosome,)

  17. Non ionizing radiation • Electromagnetic spectrum yang menghasilkan photon • Tidakbisamengionisasi atom. • Contoh; microwave, televisi, radio, sinar yang terlihat, infra red, ultraviolet, LASER.

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