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1095: First Crusade

1095: First Crusade. Event: Pope Urban II called on knights of Christendom to rescue Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the infidels. Significance: Led by counts and nobles, not kings. Thousands responded; 25% reached the Holy Land. 1099. Event: Crusaders captured Jerusalem.

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1095: First Crusade

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  1. 1095: First Crusade Event: Pope Urban II called on knights of Christendom to rescue Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the infidels Significance: Led by counts and nobles, not kings. Thousands responded; 25% reached the Holy Land

  2. 1099 Event: Crusaders captured Jerusalem Significance: Crusaders controlled an area from Edessa to Jerusalem. Thousands of Jews and Muslims were killed

  3. 1144: Second Crusade Event: Edessa was recaptured by the Turks Significance: Crusaders were defeated

  4. 1187: Third Crusade Event: Jerusalem fell to Saladin and the Seljuk Turks Significance: King’s Crusade - Philip II of France, Frederick I of HRE, and Richard I of England

  5. 1192 Event: Three year truce between Richard I and Saladin Significance: Unarmed Christian pilgrims could freely visit the holy places in Jerusalem

  6. 1202: Fourth Crusade Event: Pope Innocent III called for yet another crusade to recapture Jerusalem Significance: Merchants promised ships money in exchange for attacking the island of Zara. Pope protested the diversion Pope Innocent III

  7. 1204 Event: Constantinople was sacked and controlled by the crusaders for 57 years Significance: Any hope for a reunification of Eastern and Western Churches was forever lost

  8. 1229: Sixth Crusade Event: Frederick II of HRE negotiated a treaty with Saladin’s nephew Significance: Jerusalem was returned to Christian rule but Frederick was excommunicated for entering a pact with the devil

  9. 1291 Event: City of Acre fell to the Muslims Significance: Concept of Christendom was lessened; replaced by loyalty one’s homelands (England, France, and Spain)

  10. The 5th, 7th, and 8th crusades were aimed at Islamic cities in Egypt and N. Africa. • French King Louis IX won wide respect and was later declared a saint, although these crusades accomplished little. Louis IX or St. Louis

  11. Children's Crusade • Started by Nicholas of Cologne • Joined by 1000’s of children • Journeyed to Rome where Pope told them to go home • At same time @ 20,000 French children boarded 7 ships for the Holy Land • 2 ships destroyed, other 5 sailed to North Africa where the children were sold as slaves

  12. Ambitions of Three Groups Fueled the Crusades Popes’ Goals: hope to heal the breach between Western and Eastern churches with pope emerging as head of united church Knights’ goals: forgiveness for sins, chance to win glory in battle; earthly rewards Merchants’ goals: wanted total control of rich trade routes

  13. Greatest Outcome of Crusades Sanctified the use of violence in defense of an idea

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