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Unveiling Human Diversity: The Essence of Anthropology

Anthropology, the study of human biological and cultural variation, explores uniqueness, diversity, and universal similarities. Embracing a holistic approach, it delves into four key fields: Cultural, Linguistic, Biological, and Archaeology. Cultural Anthropology delves into existing cultures, while Biological Anthropology focuses on human evolution and variation. Archaeologists reconstruct past societies, and Linguistic Anthropologists explore language evolution. Applied Anthropology offers real-world applications of this deep understanding.

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Unveiling Human Diversity: The Essence of Anthropology

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  1. WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?

  2. Anthropology • Greek origins of word: • anthropos“man” • -ology “study of”

  3. Anthropology • Greek origins of word: • anthropos“man” • -ology “study of” • The study of human biological and cultural variation, past and present

  4. Anthropology • Greek origins of word: • anthropos“man” • -ology “study of” • The study of human biological and cultural variation, past and present • Goal: understand uniqueness and diversity, and discover universal similarities

  5. Anthropology • Greek origins of word: • anthropos“man” • -ology “study of” • The study of human biological and cultural variation, past and present • Goal: understand uniqueness and diversity, and discover universal similarities • Holistic approach: study many different aspects of human experience

  6. Four-Field Approach • Cultural Anthropology • Linguistic Anthropology • Biological Anthropology • Archaeology

  7. BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGYAlso called Physical Anthropology

  8. Biological Anthropology • Human Paleontology and Paleoanthropology • Evolution of humans

  9. Biological Anthropology • Human Paleontology and Paleoanthropology • Evolution of humans • Primatology • Study of primates

  10. Biological Anthropology • Human Paleontology and Paleoanthropology • Evolution of humans • Primatology • Study of primates • Modern Human Biological Variation • How and why populations of humans vary biologically

  11. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGYAlso called Social Anthropology and Socio-cultural Anthropology

  12. Cultural Anthropology • Ethnology (Ethnologist) • Study of existing and recent cultures

  13. Cultural Anthropology • Ethnology (Ethnologist) • Study of existing and recent cultures • Ethnography (Ethnographer) • Detailed description of customary thought & behaviour of a particular culture

  14. Cultural Anthropology • Ethnology (Ethnologist) • Study of existing and recent cultures • Ethnography (Ethnographer) • Detailed description of customary thought & behaviour of a particular culture • Ethnohistory (Ethnohistorian) • Study of how the ways of life of a group of people have changed over time

  15. ARCHAEOLOGY

  16. Archaeology • Prehistoric Archaeology • Reconstruct past cultures based on material remains • Historic Archaeology • Same as prehistoric, but study societies with written records

  17. LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY

  18. Linguistic Anthropology • Historical Linguistics • How languages change over time and are related

  19. Linguistic Anthropology • Historical Linguistics • How languages change over time and are related • Structural (or descriptive) linguistics • How modern languages differ in construction

  20. Linguistic Anthropology • Historical Linguistics • How languages change over time and are related • Structural (or descriptive) linguistics • How modern languages differ in construction • Sociolinguistics • How language is used in social contexts

  21. Applied Anthropology Useful application of anthropological knowledge (of ANY subfield) to real-world issues and concerns

  22. Next time… • Concept of Culture

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