Chapter 36

1. Chapter 36 Mobility

2. Overview of Mobility • Body alignment • Position of body parts in relation to each other • Body mechanics • Purposeful and coordinated positions • ROM reflects extent to which joint can move

3. Physiology of Mobility • Musculoskeletal system • Neurological system • Proprioception • Postural reflexes

4. Exercise • Types of exercises: • ROM exercise • Aerobic • Strengthening • Isometric • Isotonic • Isokinetic (continued)

5. Exercise • Physical fitness • Endurance and strength • Joint flexibility • Cardiorespiratory fitness • Body composition • Fitness in older adults

6. Factors Affecting Mobility • Health status • Developmental stage • Children • Adolescents • Adults • Environment • Attitudes and beliefs • Lifestyle

7. Physiological Effects of Mobility and Immobility • Neurological effects and mental status • Cardiovascular effects • Respiratory effects • Musculoskeletal effects • Digestive effects • Elimination effects • Integumentary effects

8. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Assessment • Health history • Physical examination • Musculoskeletal assessment • Movement and gait • Body alignment • Endurance (continued)

9. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Assessment • Physical examination • Pathological alterations • Muscle impairments • Contractures (continued)

10. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Assessment • Physical examination • Musculoskeletal trauma • Fracture • Amputation • Central nervous system damage • Spinal cord injury (continued)

11. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Assessment • Neurological assessment • Cranial nerves • Motor system • Sensory system • Reflexes • Functional assessment (continued)

12. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Diagnosis • NANDA statements • Activity intolerance • Impaired physical mobility • Risk of disuse syndrome • Self-care deficits • Ineffective health maintenance • Risk for falls (continued)

13. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Planning and outcome identification • Collaboration • Bed rest • Restorative care • Health promotion and fitness (continued)

14. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Implementation • Meeting psychosocial needs • Applying principles of body mechanics • Maintaining body alignment • Positioning • Performing ROM exercises (continued)

15. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Implementation • Employing transfer techniques • Moving clients • Logrolling • Transferring from bed to chair • Transferring from bed to stretcher • Using assistive devices (continued)

16. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Implementation • Assisting with ambulation • Preparing client to walk • Client education • Preambulatory exercise (continued)

17. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Implementation • Assisting with ambulation • Using assistive devices • Canes • Walkers • Crutches (continued)

18. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Implementation • Promoting wellness • Health status • Physical condition • Age • Client preferences • Employing complementary and alternative treatment modalities (continued)

19. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Evaluation • Balance dependence and independence • Perform ongoing assessment • Physical assessment • Functional assessment • Performance of ADLs (continued)

20. Mobility and the Nursing Process • Evaluation • Observe in client’s environment • Home exercise programs • Compliance