SCC University

1. SCC University What we believe and why we believe it!

2. Bible Translations • What is a Translation? • Transferring the message of one language into another language • Is there a difference between “translation” and “biblical translation?” • Divine Author/Human Author – Original Scripture – Copies of Original – Critical Text – Translator and/or Translation Committee – English Translation – Modern Readers • Out of whose mouth did Scriptures come, then? God’s or man’s? The only biblical answer is “both.” Indeed, God spoke through the human authors in such a way that his words were simultaneously their words, and their words were simultaneously his. This is the double authorship of the Bible. Scripture is equally the Word of God and the words of human beings. Better, it is the Word of God through the words of human beings. - John Stott (2 Tim, 3:16)

3. Bible Translations • How did we get the chunk of material we now hold in our hands? • Copies were made • Ca. 5,000 manuscripts covering all or parts of the New Testament in less than 100 years • 1947 = “Dead Sea Scrolls” 300 B.C. to A.D. 100 • Prior to D.S.S. oldest “O.T.” manuscripts = A.D. 800-900 • Amulet with an excerpt from Num. and a portion of a manuscript from Lev. dating to A.D. 600 • Herodotus (ca. 480-425 B.C.): A.D. 900 = 8 copies • Iliad (ca 900 B.C.): 400-100 B.C. = 39 copies (by A.D. 300 = 1,1170) with 95% accuracy

4. Bible Translations

5. Bible Translations • King James Bible • Goal was to make the text accessible to ordinary people while maintaining the “dignified/elegant” found in Latin for the purpose of “public” worship

6. Bible Translations in the Modern Era • Post KJV • English Revised Version 1881-1885 • ERV = 1st application of modern principles of textual criticism • American Standard Version (ASV) 1901 • American Scholars crack at it • Revised Standard Version (RSV) 1946-1952 • “Modern” scholar’s effort to create the best possible interpretation of scriptures for public & private worship • New American Standard Bible (NASB) 1971 & 1995 • Called a “revision” of the ASV but really a new translation that really closely adheres to the form of the original languages. • New King James (NKJV) 1979-1982 • Modern language using TextusReceptus • New Revised Standard Version 1989 • A thorough revision that aimed to be as literal as possible

7. Which translation is right for me • Matthew 17:18 • “And rebuked it the Jesus and came out from him the demon and was healed the boy from the hour that” • We see that literal does not necessarily mean more accurate in terms of translation • Two tactics for translating (formal vs. function in book) • 1) Word-for word (literal): maintain the structure of the source language while making it meaningful to intended audience but with more emphasis on original language and less concern for receptor language – Essentially Literal • 2) Thought-for-though (idiomatic): goal is to translate “meaning” using language that is “approachable” to the intended audience - Dynamic

8. Which translation is right for me • So how do I CHOOSE? • 1) choose a translation based on the most modern critical text of Hebrew (OT) and Greek (NT) • O.T. = BibliaHebraicaStuttgartensia(BHS) • N.T. = Greek New Testament (GNT) or Nestle-Aland’s NovumTestamentumGraece • 2) choose a translation using modern English • James 2:3 And ye have respect to him that weareth the gay clothing • 3) choose a translation done by a committee • 4) choose a translation that is appropriate for the circumstance: Essentially Literal vs Dynamic

9. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • Chapters 18-21 • Chapter 18 = Three sections • 1) Arrest, 2) Trial by Annas and, 3) Trial by Pilot • Importance? • Although the gospel accounts vary in detail they are consistent in the events • 1) combats arguments against the accuracy of scripture while also high lighting the free will of man AND the divine authorship of the Bible. • John 19:16-37

10. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • 18 When Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his disciples across the brook Kidron, where there was a garden, which he and his disciples entered. 2 Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3 So Judas, having procured a band of soldiers and some officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, went there with lanterns and torches and weapons. 4 Then Jesus, knowing all that would happen to him, came forward and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5 They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.”[a] Judas, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6 When Jesus[b] said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. 7 So he asked them again, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8 Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go.” 9 This was to fulfill the word that he had spoken: “Of those whom you gave me I have lost not one.” 10 Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest's servant[c] and cut off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.) 11 So Jesus said to Peter, “Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?”

11. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • 18 When Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his disciples across the brook Kidron, where there was a garden, which he and his disciples entered. 2 Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3 So Judas, having procured a band of soldiers and some officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, went there with lanterns and torches and weapons. 4 Then Jesus, knowing all that would happen to him, came forward and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5 They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.”[a] Judas, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6 When Jesus[b] said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. 7 So he asked them again, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8 Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go.” 9 This was to fulfill the word that he had spoken: “Of those whom you gave me I have lost not one.” 10 Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest's servant[c] and cut off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.) 11 So Jesus said to Peter, “Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?”

12. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • Arrest • Garden • Importance? • 2 Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples • Jesus is not running – he makes himself fully available.

13. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • 18 When Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his disciples across the brook Kidron, where there was a garden, which he and his disciples entered. 2 Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3So Judas, having procured a band of soldiers and some officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, went there with lanterns and torches and weapons. 4 Then Jesus, knowing all that would happen to him, came forward and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5 They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.”[a] Judas, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6 When Jesus[b] said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. 7 So he asked them again, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8 Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go.” 9 This was to fulfill the word that he had spoken: “Of those whom you gave me I have lost not one.” 10 Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest's servant[c] and cut off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.) 11 So Jesus said to Peter, “Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?”

14. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • Arrest – Warnings from the life of Judas • 3 So Judas, having procured a band of soldiers and some officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, went there with lanterns and torches and weapons. • 1) "a band,“ "cohort" - Greek = σπεῖραν (speiran) 100-360 people • 2) Physical proximity to Christ does not = spiritual closeness

15. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • 18 When Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his disciples across the brook Kidron, where there was a garden, which he and his disciples entered. 2 Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3 So Judas, having procured a band of soldiers and some officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, went there with lanterns and torches and weapons. 4 Then Jesus, knowing all that would happen to him, came forward and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5 They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.”Judas, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6 When Jesus said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. 7 So he asked them again, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8 Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go.” 9 This was to fulfill the word that he had spoken: “Of those whom you gave me I have lost not one.” 10 Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest's servant[c] and cut off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.) 11 So Jesus said to Peter, “Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?”

16. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • Arrest • A willing sacrifice • Jesus openly presents himself asserting that the pursing humiliation was ultimately part of the true plan of salvation. • Is a critical point that we MUST always remember as Christians • Further confirmed by the avoidance of an “earthly” kingdom – ch6v15: Perceiving then that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, Jesus withdrew again to the mountain by himself. • Matthew 4:8-11

17. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • Arrest • A willing sacrifice • 4 Then Jesus, knowing all that would happen to him, came forward and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5 They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.” • ἐγὼ (egō) εἰμὶ (eimi) "I AM" - Exodus 3:14 • John 8:58, John 10:30 • www.bibegateway.com • 6When Jesus said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. • Gen. 18:1-1, Gen. 28:17, Ex. 3:6, Luke 2:9, Matt 17:6 Side note: Separation & Salvation, Sin & Sorrow

18. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • 18 When Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his disciples across the brook Kidron, where there was a garden, which he and his disciples entered. 2 Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3 So Judas, having procured a band of soldiers and some officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, went there with lanterns and torches and weapons. 4 Then Jesus, knowing all that would happen to him, came forward and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5 They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.” Judas, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6 When Jesus said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. 7So he asked them again, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8 Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go.”9 This was to fulfill the word that he had spoken: “Of those whom you gave me I have lost not one.” 10 Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest's servant[c] and cut off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.) 11 So Jesus said to Peter, “Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?”

19. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • Arrest • A good shepherd • 7So he asked them again, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8 Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go.”. • John 17:15 • Despite the nature of all that was about to transpire Jesus specifically and intentionally takes direction action to ensure the protection of his followers. • Luke 22:31

20. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • 18 When Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his disciples across the brook Kidron, where there was a garden, which he and his disciples entered. 2 Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3 So Judas, having procured a band of soldiers and some officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, went there with lanterns and torches and weapons. 4 Then Jesus, knowing all that would happen to him, came forward and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5 They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.” Judas, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6 When Jesus said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. 7 So he asked them again, “Whom do you seek?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8 Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go.” 9 This was to fulfill the word that he had spoken: “Of those whom you gave me I have lost not one.” 10 Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest's servant and cut off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.) 11 So Jesus said to Peter, “Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?”

21. The Crucifixion and Resurrection • Arrest • Lessons from the life of Peter • Matt 16:13-23, Matt 17:6, John 18:10, & 17,25,27 • Despite the nature of all that was about to transpire Jesus specifically and intentionally takes direction action to ensure the protection of his followers. • Luke 22:31: 31 “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan demanded to have you, that he might sift you like wheat, 32 but I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail. • Hebrews 7:23-25