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JAZZ

JAZZ. CCHS Academic Team. Scott Joplin – 1867-1917. King of Ragtime Born in Texas – moved to St. Louis Maple Leaf Rag The Entertainer A Guest of Honor: Lost first opera Opera: Treemonisha (not staged until 70’s) Died of syphilis Maple Leaf Rag. W.C. Handy – 1873-1958.

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JAZZ

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  1. JAZZ CCHS Academic Team

  2. Scott Joplin – 1867-1917 • King of Ragtime • Born in Texas – moved to St. Louis • Maple Leaf Rag • The Entertainer • A Guest of Honor: Lost first opera • Opera: Treemonisha (not staged until 70’s) • Died of syphilisMaple Leaf Rag

  3. W.C. Handy – 1873-1958 • Father of the Blues • Educated musician who incorporated folk influences • “Memphis Blues” • “St. Louis Blues” • St. Louis Blues -- Billie Holiday

  4. Joe “King” Oliver – 1881-1938 • Band leader and cornet player in “Storyville” red-light district in New Orleans • Relocated to Chicago • Mentor to Louis Armstrong Armstrong: “If it had not been for Joe Oliver, Jazz would not be what it is today.” • Pioneered use of mutes

  5. Louis Armstrong 1901-1971 • “Satchmo” • Cornetist/Vocalist • Early popular jazz artist • Popularized scat singing (“HeebieJeebies”) • Grew up in Storyville district • New Orleans Home for Colored Waifs • Replaced King Oliver • Relocated to Chicago

  6. Louis Armstrong 1901-1971 • "HeebieJeebies“ • "West End Blues" • "Mack the Knife“ • "Ain't Misbehaving" • "Hello Dolly“ • "What a Wonderful World"

  7. Bessie Smith 1894-1937 • The Empress of the Blues • Grew up in Chattanooga • Blues/jazz vocalist • Began recording in 1923 in Philadelphia • Highest-paid black entertainer of her day • Tumultuous personal life (infidelity, bisexuality) • Critically injured in car accident • "Downhearted Blues“ • St. Louis Blues • Nobody Knows When You're Down and Out

  8. Jelly Roll Morton 1890-1941 • Born to Creole family in New Orleans • Ragtime/Jazz pianist, composer, bandleader • First jazz arranger • Great promoter – claimed to have invented jazz • Began career as piano player in brothel • Moved to Chicago in 1923 • Later moved to NYC and Washington, DC • "Jelly Roll Blues“ • “Black Bottom Stomp” • “King Porter Stomp”

  9. Duke Ellington 1899-1974 • Composer, pianist, bandleader • Influenced by ragtime • Performed at Cotton Club • Prolific writer • Collaborated with Billy Strayhorn • “Jungle Music”/Washingtonians • Famous appearance at Newport Jazz Festival, 1956

  10. Duke Ellington 1899-1974 • "East St. Louis Toodle-o" • "Black and Tan Fantasy“ • "Take the A-Train" • It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)“ • "Mood Indigo“ • "Sophisticated Lady“ • "Black, Brown, and Beige“ • Live at Newport 1956

  11. Billie Holiday 1915-1959 • Singer/songwriter • “Lady Day” • Worked in brothel as child • Sang with Count Basie and Artie Shaw • First black woman to sing with white orchestra • Competed with Ella Fitzgerald • Arrested on narcotics charges • Autobiography: Lady Sings the Blues • Died of drug abuse (cirrhosis) • "Strange Fruit“ • God Bless the Child

  12. Ella Fitzgerald 1917-1996 • Jazz/swing vocalist • “First Lady of Song,” “Queen of Jazz” • Light, pure tone, scat singing • Competed with Billie Holiday • Reached fame with Chick Webb Orchestra at the Savoy Ballroom (Harlem) • Collaborated with Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Quincy Jones, Dizzy Gillespie • Many appearances on TV shows, films • "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" • "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)"

  13. Benny Goodman • Clarinetist/Big Band leader from CHI • “King of Swing” • Moved to NYC in 1920’s • Arrogant, demanding taskmaster?? • 1938 concert at Carnegie Hall (Ellington/Basie) • Early integrated orchestra (Teddy Wilson, • Gene Krupa, Lionel Hampton) • "Sing, Sing, Sing"

  14. Artie Shaw – 1910 - 2004 • Clarinetist, Composer, Bandleader • Also actor & author • Born Arthur Jacob Arshawsky • Signed Billie Holiday in 1938 • Valued experimentation, innovation • “Difficult man” – married 8 times!!! • "Begin the Beguine“ • "Stardust"

  15. Glenn Miller 1904-1944 • Big Band leader, trombonist • Born in Iowa • Focused on popular music • Disappeared during WWII • "In the Mood“ • "Moonlight Serenade“ • "Chattanooga Choo Choo"

  16. Count Basie 1904-1984 • Jazz pianist/composer/bandleader • Influential in rise of KC jazz • Band noted for its rhythm section • "One O'Clock Jump“ • "April in Paris"

  17. Charlie Parker (“Bird”) 1920-1955 • Saxophonist/Composer • Born in Kansas City • Leading figure in development of bebop • Hipster/Beat Generation icon • Experimented heavily (new chords, etc.) • 1939 – Move to NYC • Collaborated with Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonius Monk, Max Roach • Died of heroin addiction • "Yardbird Suite“ • "Ornithology“ • "Summertime“ • "Bird Gets the Worm"

  18. Dizzy Gillespie 1917-1993 • Jazz trumpeter/bandleader • Central figure in rise of bebop • Distinctive bent trumpet • Often wore beret, horned rims • Experimented with Afro-Cuban music • "Salt Peanuts“ • "Manteca“ • "Groovin' High“ • "A Night In Tunisia"

  19. Dave Brubeck 1920-2012 • Cool jazz pianist • Born in California • Experimented with different time signatures (5/4, 9/8) • Album: Time Out • "Take Five“ • "Blue Rondo A La Turk"

  20. John Coltrane 1926-1967 • Jazz saxophonist/composer • Also played soprano sax • Bebop/Hard Bop/Avant-garde jazz • Influenced by Charlie Parker • Highly influential in modern jazz • Played with Thelonius Monk • Collaborated with Miles Davis • Explored various religions • Died of liver cancer (hepatitis? heroin?) • "My Favorite Things“ • "Giant Steps“ • "Blue Train"

  21. TheloniusMonk 1917-1982 • Jazz pianist/composer • Unorthodox style – percussive, hesitations • Hats, sunglasses • "Round Midnight“ • "Blue Monk"

  22. Miles Davis 1926-1991 • Jazz trumpeter • Bebop, hard bop, cool jazz • Experimented with jazz fusion • Clear tone with little vibrato • Birth of the Cool • "So What" • Kind of Blue Ahead • Sketches of Spain • Bitches Brew (fusion)

  23. Wynton Marsalis 1961- • Jazz trumpeter • From family of jazz musicians – son of Ellis (piano) and brother of Branford (sax) • Heavily featured in Ken Burns’ Jazz

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