Sarah Boyle 1 & Wilson Spironello 2 1 Arizona State University, USA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Forest Fragmentation Leads to Behavioral Changes in the Bearded Saki, Chiropotes satanas chiropotes

Sarah Boyle 1 & Wilson Spironello 2

1 Arizona State University, USA

2 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil

sarahannboyle@gmail.com

Amazonia forest: Largest rainforest

Deforestation: Global problem

• 13 million ha/yr lost (FAO 2007)
• Amazon: Largest rainforest
• 2.4 million ha/yr lost in Brazilian Amazon
• (Laurance et al. 2004)

Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project

Richard Bierregaard, Jr.

Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) - Study Site

Forest fragments – Isolation 1980-90

Study Areas

Seasons

Primate behaviour and ecology research at BDFFP

• Not much known
• Defies convention:
• Large home range
• Large group size
• Highly frugivorous
• Seeds (ripe, unripe)

Luiz Claudio Marigo/WRPC Archives

• How does forest fragmentation affect the behavioral ecology of the northern bearded saki monkey?

• Group size
• Matrix use
• Activity budget
• Diet
• Spatial patterns

Luiz Claudio Marigo/WRPC Archives

• 1980-2006
• Rylands and Keuroghlian (1988)
• Schwarzkopf and Rylands (1989)
• Gilbert (2003)
• Boyle (2008)
• Line transects

• Track for 3 days/cycle
• Group scan samples
• GPS location
• Group size/composition
• Behavior
• Diet

Present

Absent

100 ha

10 ha

1 ha

Present

Absent

NOT ISOLATED

100 ha

10 ha

1 ha

Home Range

• Continuous forest: 300-600 ha
• Permanent residents of fragments: 3% of “normal” home range

vs.

430 ha

10 ha

Density

F(3,3)= 43.80, P = 0.0056

F(3,3)= 35.75, P = 0.0076

Activity Budget

Diet

Continuous Forest

100-ha Fragments

10-ha Fragments

Seeds 83%

Fruit 17%

X Diet vs. Forest size

• 244 species
• 2% consumed in all sites
• 60% consumed at only one site

• Trees with fruit (phenological surveys)
• 36% species never consumed

F(3,3) = 155.13, P < 0.001

F(3,3)= 52.20, P = 0.0043

F(3,3)= 431.78, P < 0.001

Distance

10-ha fragment

Distance: 3.09 km

8 ha = total area used

Continuous forest

Distance: 4.07 km

96 ha = total area used

Revisits

F(3,3)= 103.34, P = 0.0016

Overview of Findings

• Can reside in small patches
• But small, high-density groups
• No births in small fragments during study
• Avoid low-growth matrix
• Diet differences
• Nutritional differences?
• Spatial patterns vary
• Home range, distance traveled, circular routes

Future Directions

• Monitor population
• (movement, births)
• Analysis of use of
• secondary forest

R. Bierregaard, Jr.

• Nutritional analyses of diet
• Continued examination of factors predicting vulnerability to fragmentation

Acknowledgements

Waldete Castro Lourenço

Lívia Rodrigues da Silva

Alaercio Marajo dos Réis

Osmaildo Ferreria da Silva

Lucas da Silva Mergulhão

Alexandro Elias dos Santos

Regina Luizão

Charles Zartman

Funding

Arizona State University

Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Fulbright/IIE

Providing Educational Opportunities (PEO)

Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation

Organization for Tropical Studies

National Science Foundation

Primate Conservation, Inc.

American Society of Primatologists

IDEA WILD