ENGLISH FOR LAWYERS II

1. ENGLISH FOR LAWYERS II REVISION (2)

2. Answerthefollowingquestions: • 1. How can federalism be defined? • 2. Whatdoesthe US Constitutiondefine? • 4. Which important principles did the Constitution establish? • 5. Which are theexclusivelyfederal, and which are state powers? • 6. What are concurrent powers?

3. Answerthefollowingquestions • 7. Whatisthehighest legislative bodyinthe United States? • 8. Whatdoesthe US Congressconsistof? • 9. How are seatsallocatedintheHouseofRepresentatives? • 10. How are seatsallocatedinthe Senate? • 11. Which powers are granted to Congress? • 12. Who istheheadoftheexecutivebranch? • 13. Whatisthe Bill of Rights? • 14. Whichrights are guaranteedinthe Bill of Rights?

4. Fillinthemissingwords:constitution,equal 'federal‘, government, political, powers, state • Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of ___________, combining a general government (the central or ____________government) with regional governments (provincial, _________, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single _____________system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism by the United States under the __________of 1787, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established..It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of ___________between two levels of government of __________ status.

5. key • Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism by the United States under the Constitution of 1787, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status

6. Fillinthemissingwords: confederalism, devolution,integrated,integration, regional, state, unitary, • Federalism differs from ____________, in which the general level of government is subordinate to the regional level, and from _________within a __________state, in which the _________level of government is subordinate to the general level. It represents the central form in the pathway of regional ___________ or separation,bounded on the less ________side by confederalism and on the more integrated side by devolution within a unitary ____________

7. key • Federalism differs from confederalism, in which the general level of government is subordinate to the regional level, and from devolution within a unitary state, in which the regional level of government is subordinate to the general level. It represents the central form in the pathway of regional integration or separation,bounded on the less integrated side by confederalism and on the more integrated side by devolution within a unitary state.

8. Fill in the missing words: citizen, resides, supreme, system • Under the federal ____ each government is _____ within its own sphere. Every American is both a___ of the United States and of the state in which the citizen _____.

9. Provide theterms for thefollowingdefinitions • distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose. • Allocate • intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of. • Enhance

10. Provide theterms for thefollowingdefinitions • a minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc; an article added to the US Constitution • Amendment • Complete power over a particular area with no limitations • Plenarypower

11. Provide theterms for thefollowingdefinitions • confer or bestow (power, authority, property, etc.) on someone. • Vest • a tax or similar compulsory payment. • Impost • a tax levied on certain goods and commodities produced or sold within a country and on licences granted for certain activities. • excise

12. Provide theterms for thefollowingdefinitions • the admittance of a foreigner to the citizenship of a country • naturalization

13. Translateintocroatian • The United States Constitution was written in 1787 and it came into force in 1789. It established America’s national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens. The Constitution was directed towards limiting the powers of government, particularly the federal government, rather than enhancing them. To that end, it established two important principles: federalism and separation of powers. It should be noted that the Constitution is still in force, and to date, there have been a total of 27 constitutional amendments.

14. Translateintocroatian • Therefore, federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a national (federal) government and state governments. It is a basic concept of American government, in which the states are not merely regional representatives of the federal government, but are granted independent powers and responsibilities. With their own legislative, executive and judicial branches, states are empowered to pass, enforce, and interpret laws, as long as they do not violate the Constitution.

15. Read the text and answer the following questions: • What are therequirements for presidentialoffice? • What does the Constitution determine in case of the president’s death, resignation or inability? • What is the most important task of the president according to the Constitution? • For what reasons can the president be removed from office?

16. II Answer the following questions. • What does the executive branch consist of? How is the President of the USA elected? What are themainpowersofthe American president? • What is the primary responsibility of the vice president? • What is the Cabinet? • Who is the Attorney General?

17. Answer the following questions • What are thepresident’smilitarypowers? • What are hispowersinforeignaffairs? • What are his legislative powers? • What are hisjudicialpowers? • Whatistheprimaryresonsibilityofthe Vice President? • How isthe vice-presidentelected? • Who overseesExecutive Office ofthePresident?

18. Answer the following questions • WhatdoestheCabinetconsistof? • Whatisimpeachment?

19. Fillinthemissingwords:Congress, electors, executive, legislature, office, state, Vice President, • 1: The ___________Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his _________during the Term of four Years, and, together with the _________, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows • 2: Each ___________shall appoint, in such Manner as the_________ thereof may direct, a Number of __________equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the ___________: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

20. Key • 1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows • 2: Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

21. Read the text and answer the following questions: • 1. Has any American president ever been removed from office? • 2. What are the constitutional grounds for impeachment? • 3. Who can be removed from office on impeachment? • 4. How many presidents have been impeached so far?

22. Read the text and answer the following questions: • 6. Who votes for a formal impeachment inquiry? • 7. Where is the trial of the president held? • 8. Who presides over the trial of the president? • 9. Is the Senate's verdict final?

23. Fillinthemissingwords: appointments, Congress,Judges, nominate, President, Senate,Treaties • He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the ________, to make _________, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall ____________and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, ________of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose ___________are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the ___________may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the ____________alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

24. key • He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

25. VComplete the following paragraph with the words: the constitution, administration, the laws, oath, rights, conduct, powers. • Using the ___________ of the office of President of the United States, Richard M. Nixon, in violation of his constitutional ___________ faithfully to execute the office of President of the United States and, to the best of his ability, preserve, protect, and defend _______________ of the United States, and in disregard of his constitutional duty to take care that the ________ be faithfully executed, has repeatedly engaged in conduct violating the constitutional ___________ of citizens, impairing the due and proper _______________ of justice and the __________________ of lawful inquiries.

26. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • confer or bestow (power, authority, property, etc.) on someone. • Vest e.g. "executive power is vested in the President„ • (in the UK, Canada, and other Commonwealth countries) the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy. • Cabinet • an officer in charge of all of the armed forces of a country, or a major subdivision of them; a politician or head of state in supreme command of a country's armed forces • Commander-in-chief

27. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • (in the US) a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president. • ElectoralCollege • 1. a person who votes: 2. (in the US) a member of an electoral college (= a group of people whose job is to choose a political leader) • elector • divide up and share out • Apportion

28. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • a rule or order issued by the president to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law. • Executiveorder • (in the US) the primary reserve military force partly maintained by the states but also available for federal use. • National Guard

29. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the U.S.Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs • Secretaryofstate • use one's authority to reject or cancel (a decision, view, etc.). • Override

30. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • break off (a meeting, legal case etc.) with the intention of resuming it later. • Adjourn • an indirect veto of a legislative bill by the US president or a state governor by retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session. • Pocket veto

31. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • the head of the US Department of Justice • Attorney General • a group of federal agencies supervised by directors or staffs that work directly with the president or a presidential assistant. • ExecutiveOffice ofthePresident

32. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • an Assistant to the President of the United States. The ___________oversees the Executive Office of the President (EOP) of the United States. This office was created in 1939 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and is responsible for a variety of critical functions in support of the president’s work and agenda. • White HouseChiefofStaff

33. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • the order in which officials of the US federal government assume the powers and duties of the office of President of the United States if the president becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or is removed from office • The US presidential line ofsuccession

34. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • accept (behaviour that is considered morally wrong or offensive). • Condone • accept something reluctantly but without protest • Acquiesce • kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of. • surreptitious

35. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions • a claim or assertion that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically one made without proof. • allegation

36. Translateintocroatian • Under the Constitution, the president is the federal official primarily responsible for the relations of the United States with foreign nations. Presidents appoint ambassadors, ministers and consuls, subject to confirmation by the Senate, and receive foreign ambassadors and other public officials. With the secretary of state, the president manages all official contacts with foreign governments.

37. Translateintocroatian • The primary responsibility of the Vice President of the United States is to be ready at a moment's notice to assume the presidency if the president is unable to perform his duties. This can be because of the president's death, resignation, temporary incapacitation, or if the vice president and a majority of the cabinet conclude that the president is no longer able to discharge his duties. The vice president is elected along with the president by the Electoral College, each elector casting one vote for president and another for vice president.

38. Answerthefollowingquestions • Whatisthesupremelawofthelandinthe US? • Whatdoesthefederalcourt system consistof? • WhatdoestheSupreme Court consistof? • WhatisthetermofofficeofjusticesoftheSupreme Court? • Whatisjudicialreview?

39. Answer the following questions: • 1. Where does the unique position of the Supreme Court of the USA stem from? • 2. What is the Constitution of the US designed to provide? • 3. What can the Supreme Court invalidate? • 4. When and how was the Court's power of judicial review confirmed? • 5. How many civil and criminal cases are filed in the Supreme Court each year from the various state and federal courts? • 6. What are original cases?

40. Answerthefollowingquestions • What are themainfunctionsoftheSupreme Court? • What are original cases? • WhichcasewascrucialindefiningthepowerofjudicialreviewoftheSupreme Court? • Whatisthe Miranda warning?

41. Fillinthemissingwords:cases, Constitution, Court, JUSTICE, law responsibility, tribunal • "EQUAL_________ UNDER LAW" - These words, written above the main entrance to the Supreme _________Building, express the ultimate _________of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court is the highest ____________in the Nation for all ___________and controversies arising under the ___________or the laws of the United States. As the final arbiter of the__________, the Court is charged with ensuring the American people the promise of equal justice under law and, thereby, also functions as guardian and interpreter of the Constitution.

42. Fillinthemissingwords: advice, appointments, associate, Chief, congress, nominate, Senate • The Supreme Court consists of the ________Justice of the United States and such number of _____________Justices as may be fixed by __________. The number of Associate Justices is currently fixed at eight (28 U. S. C. §1). Power to ___________the Justices is vested in the President of the United States, and __________are made with the __________and consent of the.

43. Key • "EQUAL JUSTICE UNDER LAW" - These words, written above the main entrance to the Supreme Court Building, express the ultimate responsibility of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court is the highest tribunal in the Nation for all cases and controversies arising under the Constitution or the laws of the United States. As the final arbiter of the law, the Court is charged with ensuring the American people the promise of equal justice under law and, thereby, also functions as guardian and interpreter of the Constitution. • The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and such number of Associate Justices as may be fixed by Congress. The number of Associate Justices is currently fixed at eight (28 U. S. C. §1). Power to nominate the Justices is vested in the President of the United States, and appointments are made with the advice and consent of the Senate.

44. Complete the text with the words:judicial, constitutional, civil, undue, appropriate, highest • The Supreme Court plays a very important role in the American ____________ system of government. First, as the ______________ court in the land, it is the court of last resort for those looking for justice. Second, due to its power of ________________ review, it plays an essential role in ensuring that each branch of government recognizes the limits of its own power. Third, it protects ________________ rights and liberties by striking down laws that violate the Constitution. Finally, it sets _______________ limits on democratic government by ensuring that popular majorities cannot pass laws that harm and/or take _____________ advantage of unpopular minorities.

45. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • a person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter • Arbiter • the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws. • Ruleoflaw

46. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • The most important judge of a law court, especially a very important court in a country • ChiefJustice • The title for a member of a judicial panel who is not the chief justice in some jurisdictions. • AssociateJustice

47. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • An English phrase frequently used in enacting formulae of bills and in other legal or constitutional contexts. It describes either of two situations: where a weak executive branch of a government enacts something previously approved of by the legislative branch or where the legislative branch concurs and approves something previously enacted by a strong executive branch. • advice and consent

48. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • US highestjudgescannot be discharged but can be impeached for misconduct. • Duringgoodbehavior • a job in the government that you have because you were chosen or elected • Publicoffice

49. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • Deprive(an official document or procedure) of legal validity because it contravenes a regulation or law. • Invalidate • Abolish, invalidate, or reverse (a previous system, decision, situation, etc.). • Overturn

50. Provide thetermsmatchingthefollowingdefinitions: • A statement within an agreement or a law that a particular thing musthappen or be done, especially before another can happen or be done: • Provision • Amember of the convention that drew up the constitution of the US in 1787. • FoundingFather