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    1. ?????? ???ygh@dlut.edu.cn ??????????

    2. ????? ???? ???? ???? ????

    3. ????? Phaistos??,??????160mm?Cretan-Mnoan????,?????17???????????????,????????

    4. ????? ???????????????????M-138-T4???1914?Parker Hitt???????25?????????????????????,????????????

    5. ????? Kryha??????1926??Alexander vo Kryha?????????????,?????442,????????????????????????????

    6. ????? ???(Hagelin)???C-36,?Aktiebolaget Cryptoeknid Stockholm?1936??????????3,900,255?

    7. ????? M-209?????C-36??????,?Smith-Corna???????????????????101,105,950?

    8. ????? ?????ENIGMA,?Arthur Scherbius?1919???,??????????;4?ENIGMA?1944???????,?????1942?2??12??????????????

    9. ????? ???TYPEX?????,???3?ENIGMA???????????????????,????????????????

    10. ????? ???????Lorenz SZ 42,???1943??Lorenz A.G?????????“tunny”,?????????????SZ 40/SZ 42???????????????????,???????????COLOSSUS?????????

    11. ????? ???? ??????? ?????(sender)?????????(receiver),?????????:???????????????? ????? ??(message)?????(plaintext)????????????????????????(encryption),??????????(ciphertext),????????????????(decryption)?

    12. ?????

    13. ????? ??????????????????(cryptography),?????????????(cryptographer),?????(cryptanalyst)????????????,?????(cryptanalysis)????????????????(cryptology)?????????,?????????????????

    14. ????? ?????????? ???????,????????????: ??(authentication) ?????????????????;???????????? ???(integrity) ?????????????????????????;????????????????? ???(nonrepudiation) ???????????????????

    15. ????? ????? ????(algorithm)????(cipher),??????????????(?????????????,??????,??????) ??????????????????,??????????(restricted)???????????????????????????????????????????

    16. ????? ????????(key)????????

    17. ????? ???????????????????;???????????????????????,??????,?????????????,????????????????? ?????(cryptosystem)????????????????????? ???? ????????????:????????????

    18. ????? ????(symmetric algorithm)??????????,?????????????????,????????????????,?/???????????????????????????,?????????????????,????????????????????,???????????????????/???????????,????????

    19. ????? ??????????????????????(?????)???????????(stream algorithm)?????(stream cipher)??????????????????,???????(block),???????????(block algorithm)?????(block cipher)?

    20. ????? ?????? ??????(public-key algorithm,???????)??????:?????????????????,??????????????????(????????????)? ???????????,???????????,??????????????,????????????????????????,??????????(public key),??????????(private key)?

    21. ????? ???? ????(cryptographic protocol)??????????????????????????????,???????????????????

    22. ????? ???? ?????????????,???????????,“??”????????????????,???????????????????? ??????????????????

    23. ????? ???? ????????????????:?????????,?????????????????????????,????????,??????????,??????????????

    24. ????? ???? ???????????????,????????????????? ??????????,????????????

    25. ????? ????????? ????????? ????????,???????????,??????????? ????????????????,??????????????????? n??????????=n(n-1)/2 10?????45??? 100?????4950??????

    26. ????? ???? ????????????,???????? ??????,???????,??????? ?????? ?????????,???????,?????????????

    27. ????? ????????? Alice?Bob???????????? Bob??????????Alice Alice?Bob???????????,?????Bob Bob?????????Alice????

    28. ????? ???? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????,??????????

    29. ????? ???????????? Alice????????????,???????? Alice?????????Bob? Bob?Alice???????,??????? ????????? ?????????????,????????????????

    30. ????? ????????????????????? Alice?????????? Alice????????????,?????????? Alice??????????Bob Bob?Alice??????????????,??????????????,???Alice?????????????????????????????????,????????

    31. ????? ???? ????????????????,?????????????????????????? ????????????: ?????(ciphertext-only attack) ??????????,??????????????? ??????(know-plaintext attack)??????????????????,????????????? ??????(chosen-plaintext attack)????????????????,???????????????

    32. ????? ?????????(adaptive-chosen-plaintext attack)?????????????????,???????????????????? ?????? ?????????????: ????(total break)???? ????(global deduction)?????? ????(instance deduction)???? ????(information deduction)???????????????

    33. ????? ???????????????????: ?????(data complexity)????????????? ?????(processing complexity)?????????? ????(storage requirement)????????????

    34. ????? ??? ???(steganography)????????????? ????????? ????(substitution cipher)????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??,???,?? ????,???????,???????,????????,???,?? ????,???????,???????,??????

    35. ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????????? ????????,??????? ??????? ??, 160?,?????, 160?,???

    36. ????? ???????? DES?????????????DES????????,??????,????????????? RSA???????????,??????????? DSA???????????,???????,?????????

    37. ????? ??????? ????????????????????? 1/255

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