1 / 47

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves. Parts of the Brain. Parts of the Brain. CEREBRUM. DIENCEPHALON:. Thalamus. Hypothalamus. BRAIN STEM:. CEREBELLUM. Midbrain. Pons. Medulla oblongata. Spinal cord. (b) Sagittal section, medial view. Parts of the Brain. Meninges. Meninges. Ventricles.

kirti
Download Presentation

Brain and Cranial Nerves

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Brain and Cranial Nerves

  2. Parts of the Brain

  3. Parts of the Brain CEREBRUM DIENCEPHALON: Thalamus Hypothalamus BRAIN STEM: CEREBELLUM Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord (b) Sagittal section, medial view

  4. Parts of the Brain

  5. Meninges

  6. Meninges

  7. Ventricles

  8. Ventricles

  9. Origin and Flow of CSF

  10. Cerebrum perception - sensory initiate voluntary movements memory learning understanding conscious behavior

  11. Cerebrum • The lobes of the cerebrum correspond to the bones of the braincase which bear the same names. parietal frontal temporal occipital parietal frontal occipital temporal

  12. Cerebrum

  13. Cerebrum

  14. Cerebral Gray and White Matter

  15. Cerebrum Functional Areas 1. Sensory areas 2. Motor areas 3. Association area

  16. Cerebrum Functional Areas Primary somatosensory area (1, 2, 3) Primary visual area (17) Primary auditory area (41, 42) Primary gustatory area (43) Primary olfactory area (28 - not visible) Primary motor area (4) Broca’s area (44, 45 left hemisphere) Somatosensory association area (5, 7) Prefrontal cortex (9, 10, 11, 12 -medial view only) Visual association area (18, 19) Auditory association Area (22) Wernicke’s area (22, 39, 40 - left hemisphere) Common integrative area (5, 7, 39, 40) Premotor area (6) Frontal eye field (8)

  17. Cerebrum Functional Areas

  18. Cerebrum Functional Areas

  19. Cerebrum Motor/Sensory

  20. Lateralization

  21. Basal Nuclei • The basal nuclei also control subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles. Examples include automatic arm swings while walking and true laughter in response to a joke.

  22. Limbic System • Encircling the upper part of the brain stem and the corpus callosum is a ring of structures on the inner border of the cerebrum and floor of the diencephalon that constitutes the limbic system. • The limbic system is sometimes called the “emotional brain” because it plays a primary role in promoting a range of emotions, including pleasure, pain, docility, affection, fear, and anger. • Together with parts of the cerebrum, the limbic system also functions in memory.

  23. Brain Waves • Summing waves of different frequency produces some characteristic, and diagnostic patterns. • Alpha (10–12 Hz (cycles/sec) waves are present when awake but disappear during sleep. • Beta (14–30 Hz) waves are present with sensory input and mental activity when the nervous system is active. • Theta (4–7 Hz) waves indicate emotional stress or a brain disorder. • Delta (1–5 Hz) waves appear only during sleep in adults but indicate brain damage in an awake adult.

  24. Brain Stem - Medulla Oblongata The medulla begins at the inferior border of the pons and extends to the foramen magnum. It contains all ascending and descending tracts extending between the spinal cord and cerebrum. The medulla contains nuclei which are regulators for vital body functions.

  25. Medulla Oblongata Axons from the left pyramid cross over to the right and axons on the right cross over to the left (decussation of pyramids) – so that the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side muscles, while the right hemisphere controls the left side.

  26. Brain Stem -Pons • The pons lies directly above the medulla and anterior to the cerebellum (2.5 cm). It acts as a bridge connecting the spinal cord with the brain and parts of the brain with each other.

  27. Brain Stem- Midbrain • The midbrain extends from the pons to the diencephalon. • The cerebral aqueduct passes through the midbrain connecting the 3rd ventricle above with the 4th ventricles below (both locations of CSF formation and circulation.)

  28. Reticular Formation

  29. Cerebellum

  30. Cerebellum

  31. Cerebellum Compares intention with actual performance Cerebrum initiates voluntary muscle contractions and notifies cerebellum. 2. Cerebellum gets information from proprioceptors. 3. Assesses information. 4. Dispatches “blueprint” for coordination to cerebrum

  32. Diencephalon

  33. Diencephalon - Thalamus All sensory input Sort out information Major relay station for sensory ascending to sensory cortex, and inputs of subcortical motor nuclei and the cerebellum

  34. Diencephalon - Hypothalamus 1. Autonomic control center 2. Center for emotional response 3. Body temperature regulation 4. Regulation of food intake 5. Regulation of water balance and thirst 6. Regulation of sleep-wake cycles 7. Control of endocrine system

  35. Diencephalon- Epithalamus • Pineal gland • secretes melatonin during darkness • promotes sleepiness & sets biological clock • Habenular nuclei • emotional responses to odors

  36. Cranial Nerves vs. Spinal Nerves

  37. Cranial Nerves

  38. I. Olfactory nerve

  39. II. Optic Nerve

  40. III. Oculomotor nerve IV. Trochlear nerve VI. Abducens nerve

  41. V. Trigeminal nerve

  42. VII. Facial nerve

  43. VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve

  44. IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve

  45. X. Vagus nerve

  46. XI. Accessory nerve

  47. XII. Hypoglossal nerve

More Related