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Reconstruction and Its Effects Ch. 4 Review Continued. What is the term Reconstruction?. The period of time after the civil war in which the US began to rebuild. 1865-1877. Lincoln’s Plan. Lincoln favored leniency (take it easy on the South).
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What is the term Reconstruction? • The period of time after the civil war in which the US began to rebuild. • 1865-1877
Lincoln’s Plan • Lincoln favored leniency (take it easy on the South). • Ten percent plan – offers amnesty (forgiveness) to Confederates if they take an oath of allegiance to the Union. • When 10% take the oath, a state can petition to come back into the union.
Radical Republicans? • Radical Republicans in Congress wanted to destroy the land-owning slave holders and punish the South severely. • Wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote. Something Lincoln was not offering.
President Johnson’s plan? • Much the same as Lincoln’s plan. • Excluded many wealthy Southern landowners from the oath/10% plan. • Pardoned a huge amount of Confederates believing that those “whites” were needed to govern the South.
Congress’ reaction to Johnson’s plan? • They hated it and wanted to block Johnson’s efforts. • South not being punished enough. • Not enough being done to help the freed African Americans.
Congressional Reconstruction? • Fourteenth Amendment – Defined citizenship (to include freed peoples) and prevented states from denying rights to all citizens. • Reconstruction Act of 1867 • did not recognize States formed under the Lincoln and Johnson plans • divided the South into military districts (the South now occupied by federal troops) • Forced States to grant voting rights and accept the 14th Amend.
What was Sharecropping? • System of allowing freed slaves to stay on the land and work for themselves. • Always remain in debt to the landowner.
Why did Reconstruction fail? • The rise of violence and intimidation under the KKK. • Republican party weakened. • Economic depression took attention away from the problems of the South.
Election of 1876 ends Reconstruction? • Democrat candidate Samuel Tilden wins the election with the popular vote but does not have the electoral vote necessary to become President. • Southern Democrats agree to allow Northern Republican RB Hayes to become President in exchange for the withdraw of troops from the South and the end of Reconstruction efforts. • The South rules itself again and discrimination reigns.
Impact of the failure of Reconstruction on African Americans? • What do you think?
