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Chapter 3 sec. 4

Chapter 3 sec. 4. Origins of Judaism. Palestine. Phoenicians lived here Romans named the area Palestine(philistines) Canaan- Home of the Hebrews(this land was promised to them in the Bible) They will be a major influence on Western culture- also Islam,Christianity. Jerusalem.

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Chapter 3 sec. 4

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  1. Chapter 3 sec. 4 Origins of Judaism

  2. Palestine • Phoenicians lived here • Romans named the area Palestine(philistines) • Canaan- Home of the Hebrews(this land was promised to them in the Bible) • They will be a major influence on Western culture- also Islam,Christianity

  3. Jerusalem • Holy city for all 3 major religions • Always trouble here • All feel it is “their land”

  4. Geography • To the east-Babylon,to the west-Egypt • Seaports on the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea • These are the most important waterways of the time!

  5. How do we know about this culture? • Bible-The first 5 books of the Bible tell us • This is called the Torah • Most sacred writings of their traditions • Christians call them the old testament

  6. Abraham • The father of the Hebrews • He lived in Ur • God tells him to go to Canaan • He goes there about 1800B.C. • 1650B.C. his descendants go to Egypt

  7. Hebrews are monotheistic • Yahweh-I am your only god • They believe he has power over all • Not a physical being • Abraham promises to obey god • God will then protect them • This is called the Covenant

  8. Moses/Egypt • Jews go to Egypt fearing drought/famine • Joseph/amazing Technicolor dream coat • They are eventually forced into slavery • Jews flee Egypt -The Exodus • Moses is the one that leads them to safety-The parting of the sea • 10 commandments-the basis of jewish law • Given to Moses by God

  9. The twelve tribes of the Hebrew nation • They were nomads • They return to Canaan/become city dwellres • 12 tribes live in separate territories/self governing • Tribes will unite in times of crisis

  10. Jewish laws • The 10 commandments are very much like Hammurabi’s code • Prophets interpret laws • Emphasize equality • You should live life “justly”

  11. Judasim The religion of the Jewish people

  12. Sacred writings • Hebrew Bible • Contains basic laws • Stories,writings • Tells of Jewish history • Calls for repentance

  13. Talmud • Written version of Jewish oral laws • Explains/interprets Mishnah • Mishnah is the encyclopedia of Jewish history

  14. The Kingdom of Israel • Jews will move no./so. From Canaan • Tribes are getting smaller • Eventually only Judah tribe is left • Hence the name Jews/Judasim • Saul drives the philistines out of palistine • David, very popular, unites the tribes • Jerusalem is the capital,a dynasty begins

  15. King Solomon • David’s son • Most powerful of Hebrew kings • Helped by Phoenician king to build a trading empire • He will build a great temple to glorify God/ and hold the 10 commandments

  16. The kingdom divides • Massive temple co$ts big money • High taxes,forced labor is the result • Much discontent • King Solomon dies,north part of kingdom revolts,splits the empire • North-Israel • South-Judah • They will fight each other, sometimes join to fight another

  17. The Assyrians • Mighty empire • No./So. Pay tributes so they will not be attacked • Doesn't work-Assyrians conquer Samaria,the capital city • 722B.C.whole north was under Assyrian control

  18. Babylonians • The south(Judah) is able to hold on for 150 years more • Babylonians.Assyrians • King Nebuchadnezzar destroys the temple,conquers Judah,586B.C. • Jews exiled to Babylon • 539B.C.-Persia conquers Babylon

  19. King Cyrus • He tells Jews to go back to Jerusalem,rebuild their temple • Some go, some stay • 515- Jews build a new temple

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