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FEEDING MANAGEMENT

FEEDING MANAGEMENT. Frederick B. Muyot Sr. Aquaculturist National Fisheries Biological Center. FEEDING MANAGEMENT. One of the important aspects in the breeding and culture of fishes In aquaculture, comprise of about 40-60% of production cost Feeds must be cost-effective and efficient.

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FEEDING MANAGEMENT

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  1. FEEDING MANAGEMENT Frederick B. Muyot Sr. Aquaculturist National Fisheries Biological Center

  2. FEEDING MANAGEMENT • One of the important aspects in the breeding and culture of fishes • In aquaculture, comprise of about 40-60% of production cost • Feeds must be cost-effective and efficient

  3. Categories of fishes based on food preference • Herbivore - prefers food which are plant-based • Carnivore - eats other aquatic animals • Omnivore - eats both plant and animal-based foods • Few ornamental species are categorized as strictly carnivores or herbivores • Most are omnivores

  4. Food Habits • Grazers – nibble at plants or pick at small plankton or benthic animals • Filter feeders – feeds on planktonic plants and animals by straining concentrations of planktons • Bottom feeders or scavengers – plant & animal debris (detritus) • Predator – preys on other aquatic animals

  5. Feed Types • Fresh live foods – live animals given as feeds (Artemia, Daphnia, Moina, bloodworms) • Frozen foods – animal or plant matter given as foods and stored in freezer (meats of fish, squid, beef heart, spinach) • Dried or Freeze-dried foods – available in petshops or markets (dried alamang, krill, water fleas and freeze-dried plankton) • Artificial feeds – flakes, mash, crumbled, pellets

  6. Factors Affecting Feeding Activity of Fish • Type of food given • Feed composition and quality • Water quality • Stocking density • Presence of competitors • Diseases

  7. Basic Food Elements Needed by Fish • Protein – provides energy and builds body tissues • amino acids • Carbohydrates – source of energy • starch, glucose, fructose, fiber • Fats – also energy foods; reserved energy • fatty acids • Vitamins – assist in metabolic process in the body • oil soluble vitamins A, D, E, K • water soluble vitamins B, C, panthothenic acid, niacine, folic acid and others • Minerals – regulate fish activities & theie physical structure • phosphorus, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and others

  8. Feeding the Fish • Generally, fish consumes about 4-5% of their body weight • In ponds where there is natural food present, fish could grow at a certain population density even without supplemental food • Fish must be given 2-4% of their body weight

  9. Computing for amount of feeds to be given • Amount of feed per day = no. of fishes x ave. body weight of fish x feeding rate (e.g. 4%) • Example: You have 1,000 goldfish with an average weight of 10g, and you will feed 4% of body weight per day • Amount of feed per day = 1,000 pcs x 10 g/pc x 0.04 = 400 g feeds per day • If feeding is twice a day, divide amount by 2 = 400 g/2 = 200 g per feeding

  10. Feeding Management • Feeding is done at least twice a day • For small fishes (live-bearers), feeding can be done based on demand (at satiation level) • Artificial feeds such as finfish feeds, prawn feeds or combination of rice bran & fish meal (20-30% fish meal, 80-70% rice bran) commonly used as feeds • Broodstock given high protein foods • Larvae or fry given tiny live foods (infusoria, Artemia, Moina) • Juveniles could be given commercial feeds

  11. Feeding Management • Feeding is done gradually, making sure all fish have eaten • Feeds must be evenly distributed to the grow-out areas • Avoid wastage of feeds

  12. Feeding Practice at NFBC • Breeders • Live-bearers – prawn feeds (PO2) at satiation level • Goldfish, Koi – tilapia or bangus grower feeds (floating feeds preferred) alternated with prawn grower feeds at 2-4% feeding rate • Angelfish – prawn feeds starter crumble (PO2) at satiation level • Fighting fish – mosquito larvae or prawn feeds starter crumble at satiation level

  13. Feeding Practice at NFBC… • Breeders • Red pacu, hammerhead, tinfoil barb, rainbow shark (fishes for induced breeding) – tilapia or bangus grower feeds during non-breeding season and grouper or prawn grower feeds 3 months before and during breeding season at 3-4 feeding rate • Cichlid mouthbrooders (blue kenai, auratis, 14-K, ice blue) – tilapia or bangus crumble feeds alternated with prawn feeds at 2-4% feeding rate • Flowerhorn – flowerhorn feeds

  14. Feeding Practice at NFBC… • Breeders • Gourami – tilapia or bangus crumble feeds alternated with prawn feeds starter crumble at 2-4% body weight • Larval Rearing • Live-bearers – powdered prawn feeds at satiation level • Goldfish, Koi, angelfish, flowerhorn, cichlid mouthbrooders, induced fishes – Artemia nauplii for 5-10 days • Fighting fish, gourami – infusoria for 2-3 days, then Artemia for 5-7 days

  15. Feeding Practice at NFBC… • Nursery rearing and grow-out • Live-bearers – powdered prawn starter feeds, tilapia or bangus fry mash at satiation level until harvest • Goldfish, koi, angelfish, flowerhorn, cichlid mouthbrooders, induced fishes – fry mash for small fishes, crumbled feeds for juveniles and grower pellets for larger sizes at 2-4% feeding rate • Fighting fish, gourami – powdered prawn feeds for small fishes; prawn crumble feeds for juveniles until harvest at 2-4% feeding rate

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