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Bathing water profiles in Flanders: examples for coastal and inland waters

This workshop explores the establishment and review of bathing water profiles in Flanders, including the identification of pollution sources, assessment of potential algae proliferation, and management measures.

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Bathing water profiles in Flanders: examples for coastal and inland waters

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  1. Bathing water profiles in Flanders: examples for coastal and inland waters Workshop on Bathing Water Profiles 27-28/06/07 Flemish Environment Agency

  2. Legislation: 2006/7/EG • Art. 6: • Bathing water profiles: • for 1 single bathing water or more than 1 contiguous bathing waters • Established first time by 24/03/2011 • Reviews and updates (annex III) => use data obtained from monitoring and assessments pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC 2

  3. Legislation: annex III • Annex III DR 2006/7/EC Bathing water profiles: • Description of physical, geographical and hydrological characteristics • Location of the monitoring point • Description of other surface waters in the cathment area that could be source of pollution • Identification and assessment of causes of pollution • Assessment of the potential for proliferation of cyanobacteria • Assessment of the potential for proliferation of macro-algae and/or phytoplankton 3

  4. Legislation: 2006/7/EG • Annex III • In case of risk of short term pollution: • Nature, frequency and duration of the expected pollution • Management measures taken during s.t. pollution + identity and contact details of bodies responsible for actions • For remaining causes of pollution: • Management measures • Time schedule for elimination 4

  5. Legislation 2007/6/EG • Annex III: review and minupdate frequency: based on classification of waterbodies • EXCELLENT: only review if classification changes • GOOD: every 4 years • ACCEPTABLE: every 2 years • POOR: every year • In case of construction works or significant changes in infrastructure: before next season 5

  6. Bathing water profiles in coastal waters • General information concerning coastline Flanders • General approach • Difficulties • Example: zone 290: Harendijk, De Haan 6

  7. Bathing water profiles for coastal waters in Flanders 66 kilometres 40 bathing zones (EUreport) 7

  8. 4 ports 8

  9. General information for bathing water profiles in coastal waters in Flanders • 4 ports: Nieuwpoort (IJzer), Oostende (Kan Gent-Oostende), Blankenberge (Blankenbergse Vaart), Zeebrugge (Leopold- en Schipdonkkanaal) • For chemical substances (e.g. PCB’s, heavy metals,…): main sources of pollution = Rijn, Maas, Schelde • For bacteriological pollution: shorter life expectancy, source of pollution is closer by (comes from inland rivers and canals): sewage overflows, illegal disposals,… • Sources/locations of pollution: • Only at the ports (rivers and canals) • No direct effluents into the North Sea • Local pollution by man and animals => Clustering of waterbodies? 9

  10. General approach for coastal bathing water profiles: 8 steps • 1. data of establishing BWP • 2. description • Community; map; physical, geographical and hydrological description; location of sampling point(s) (X-Y coordinates), … • 3. sources of pollution incl. physical-chemical water quality: available data • 4. available data on risk of proliferation cyanobacteria • 5. available data on risk of proliferation macro-algae and phytoplankton • 6. short term pollutions • management measures + timing • 7. most recent bacteriological assessment => actualisation period • 8. other relevant information. 10

  11. Harendijk: General information • Date of establishing BWP: 05/2006 • Geographical description: • Bathing zone at the North-Sea • Municipality: De Haan • West of the port of Blankenberge • Length of the bathing water zone: 200 m • Sampling point: X-Y coord: X: 61769, Y: 223155 • Wind direction: mainly south-west • Depth of the bathing zone:? 11

  12. Map: Location of monitoring point (near port of Blankenberge) 290 12

  13. Community of De Haan, coastal area 13

  14. Example bathing water profile in coastal waters • 290: Harendijk, Wenduine 14

  15. Harendijk: Sources of pollution< 2 kms along the coastline • Main source of pollution: port of Blankenberge + Spuikom • Camping sites • Sources of pollution (community of Blankenberge): • Sewage overflow Waterkasteelstraat in Spuikom • sewage overflow Scharrebrugstraat in polder flow • Sources of pollution: sewage overflows (community of De Haan): • sewage overflow Vossenslag in polder flow • sewage overflow Grotestraat in polder flow • sewage overflow Driftweg in polder flow • sewage overflow Manitobalaan in Bommelzwin • sewage overflow Neptunuslaan in Kerkvliet • sewage overflow Wulpjesweg in Wulpje/ Blankenbergse Vaart 15

  16. Harendijk: Sources of pollution> 2 kms along the coastline • Polder area • stagnating water, no flow • by heavy rainfall: discharges of overflow systems can cause severe pollution • Community of Vlissegem (300 IE) • Untreated domestic dicharges in surface water • Parasite flows in sewage systems 16

  17. Harendijk: short term pollutions: period 2003-2006 • Fstrep = intestinal enterococs • Fcoli = E.coli exceedings according to Directive of 1976 17

  18. Harendijk: management measures + timing • Short term solution => timing? • Higher sewage overflow thresholds (partly carried out) • Yearly cleaning of sewage systems => no sinc/sediment of polluting substances and no discharge in case of heavy rains by sewage overflow • Individual domestic waste water treatment • Sanitation of camping sites • Long term solution => timing? • Connecting all houses to the sewage systems • Building sewage systems with seperate discharge of rain water and effluent of domestic and industrial waste water • => no more sewage overflow 18

  19. Harendijk: bathing water profile • Risk of proliferation of cyanobacteria: • No data available • Risk of proliferation of macro-algae/ phytoplankton • no data available (only indication of scum layer during sampling) 19

  20. Other relevant information • Duration of the bathing season • Contact persons: • VMM • Responsable persons of municipality • Responsable persons of health care • … • Internet adresses 20

  21. Assessment • Most recent bacteriological assessments: • 2000-2003: poor bathing water quality • 2001-2004: poor bathing water quality • 2002-2005: poor bathing water quality • 2003-2006: poor bathing water quality • => actualisation every 2 years • (zone 295: also poor quality) 21

  22. General difficulties and obscurities • Very little available historical data on cyanobacteriaand macro-algae (only by coincidence, e.g. in case of studies of nutrients in lakes by university, government,…) • Guidelines for monitoring risk of proliferation: • Chlorophyl a, microcystine-concentration, RNA-analysis…? • Relevancy of data on wind velocity and wind direction + influence on bacteriological quality • Influence of the tidal movements? 22

  23. Bathing water profiles in inland waters • General approach • Difficulties • Example: Gent, Blaarmeersen, 570150 23

  24. Bathing water profiles in inland waters: general approach (1): 8 steps • 1. date of establishing BWP • 2. description • Community; map; physical, geographical and hydrological description; location of sampling point(s) (X-Y coordinates), … • 3. sources of pollution incl. physical-chemical water quality: available data • 4. available data on risk of proliferation cyanobacteria • 5. available data on risk of proliferation macro-algae and phytoplankton • 6. short term pollutions • * management measures + timing • 7. most recent bacteriological assessment => actualisation period • 8. other relevant information. 24

  25. Blaarmeersen • Date of establishing BWP: 05/2006 • Geographical description: • Inland zone • Municiapality: Ghent • Surface: 20 ha • Hydrographical description: • VMMNR 570150 • Sampling point:X-Y coördinates: (X: 102192, Y: 192835) • Depth bathing zone: 2 m • Opened to public since 1982: pond + yacht port • Wind direction: south/south-west • Bottom: ? • Only fed by ground water and rain 25

  26. Blaarmeersen Ghent (foto) 26

  27. 27

  28. 28

  29. 29

  30. Map: Location of monitoring point 570150 30

  31. Blaarmeersen • Potential sources of pollution: • Amount of visitors • Natural pollution by leaf fall • Water birds - feeding of water birds by man • Fishing • Kayaks and canoes • Irresponsible restocking of fish • Atmospherical deposition • Disturbance of slugde layer by divers • Cafetaria/ restaurant/ camping? 31

  32. Blaarmeersen: comparison of data (background information) 32

  33. Blaarmeersen Physical-chemical water quality 33

  34. Blaarmeersen • Physical chemical water quality: • Nutrients: MESOTROPHIC condition • N (average total concentration): 785 µg/l • P (average total concentration): 41 µg/l • Proliferation of cyanobacteria: • Aug 2003: 40% of phytoplancton-biomass • Nov 2003: 60% of phytoplancton-biomass • No scum layers • Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Limnothrix 34

  35. Blaarmeersen • Management measures: • Prevent erosion • Eliminate Atlantic Canada Geese • No feeding of the birds • Investigate possible effluents of camping sites, restaurants, cafetaria,… • No short term pollution during period 2003-2006 according to Dir of 1976 35

  36. Blaarmeersen • Proliferation of macro-algae/ Phytoplankton: • Spring 2003: bloom of Stephanodiscus, Cryptomonas, Rhodomonas • Late spring 2003: Cryptomonas, Ceratium, Dinobryon • Summer/ fall 2003: Mougeotia 36

  37. Blaarmeersen, bathing water profile: assessment • Most recent bacteriological assessments: • 2000-2003: excellent bathing water quality • 2001-2004: excellent bathing water quality • 2002-2005: excellent bathing water quality • 2003-2006: excellent bathing water quality • => no actualisation necessary 37

  38. Other information • Duration of the bathing season • Accomodation (sport and recreation facilities, campings, sanity units, …) • maps of sewage systems • Contact persons: • VMM • Responsable persons of municipality • Responsable persons of health care • … • Internet adresses 38

  39. Example bathing water profile for inland waters • Blaarmeersen, Ghent: • A lot of background information available from University of Ghent • Data from 1982 and recent years (2003- B-Blooms) (2-weekly or monthly sampling): • Phytoplankton composition • Nutrients (N and P) • Field measurements of pH, oxygen, electric conductivity… 39

  40. Bathing water profiles for inland waters: difficulties • Very little available data on cyanobacteria and macro-algae (only by coincidence, e.g. in case of studies of nutrients in lakes by university, government,…) • Identification and assessment of causes of pollution: guidelines? • What is meant by ‘physical, geographical and hydrological’ characteristics’? 40

  41. Conclusions and recommendations • Difficulty: little or no availability of data on proliferation of cyanobacteria, phytoplankton and macro-algae • General Questions (coastal + inland waters): • How to assess risk of proliferations? • What is meant by ‘physical, geographical and hydrological’ characteristics’? • Recommendation: general approach and guidelines for all member states. 41

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