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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. World History 9th Ms. Stephanie Custodio. SECTION 1-THE RISE OF GREEK CIVILIZATION. GREECE´S GEOGRAPHIC SETTING . Greece is a country made up of peninsulas. A Peninsula is an area of land surrounded by water on three sides.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. AncientGreece WorldHistory 9th Ms. Stephanie Custodio

  2. SECTION 1-THE RISE OF GREEK CIVILIZATION

  3. GREECE´S GEOGRAPHIC SETTING • Greece is a country made up ofpeninsulas. • A Peninsula is an area of land surrounded by water on three sides. • Because of the mountains, only 1/5 of Greece is good for growing crops; Greeks became traders and conquerors. • Because of Greece´s geography, each community developed its own customs, beliefs, traditions and ways of life, thinking of their own community as the best.

  4. ANCIENT GREECE

  5. GREEK BEGINNINGS • The two most important Greek civilizations are: • The Minoans: • They lived on the island of Crete. Crete is washed by the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. • They created the ancient city of Knossos, which was destroyed in the middle 1400s B.C. • Developed writing, worshipped several gods and goddesses. • The Mycenaean: • With the fall of the Minoans, the Mycenaean controlled both seas. • Used writing, gained a lot of power through trade, relied upon conquest.

  6. THE TROJAN WAR • The Trojan war was a long struggle between Greece and the city of Troy. • According to the myths, the Greeks conquered Troy with a trick—The Trojan horse. • Two epics (Long story-telling poems) about the Trojan War survive today: • The Iliad • The Odyssey

  7. THE DARK AGES OF GREECE • After the Trojanwar, Greececollapsed and as a consecuencetheyforgot the art of writing. • The yearsfromearly 1100s B.C. toabout 750 B.C. havebeencalledGreece´sDarkAges. • As a resulttheystartedtobuildfamilyfarmsthatlaterdeveloped into villages. • Greeksusedfortifiedhills (Acropolis) toprotectthemfromattacks.

  8. CITY-STATES DEVELOP • The Acropolisbecametinycitynationscalledcity-states. They are notonlycities, butalso a separateindependentstate. • The city-stateswereruledbyAristocrats (Members of the rich and powerfulfamilies). • Lateron, the AristocratswereoverthrownbyTyrants (A rulerwhoseizedpowerbyforce).

  9. DEMOCRACY IN GREECE • With time, Tyrantswereoverthrown and democracywasformed. In a democracy, citizensgovernthemselves. • AnAthenean leader namesSoloncreatedseverallawsthatreformed the government. • A lawthatcanceledalldebts and freedenslavedpeople. • Anotherlawthatallowedanymalecitizenaged 18 oroldertohave a say in debatingimportantlaws.

  10. SECTION 2-RELIGION PHILOSOPHY, AND THE ARTS

  11. THE GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS • The yearsfrom 479 B.C. to 431 B.C are called the GoldenAge of Athens. • Athen´swealthgrewdueto the Tributes (payments) madetothembytheirallies. • Great achievementsweremade in art, philosophy, literature and democracy. • Pericles was the mostpowerfulman in Athenianpolitics. He supporteddemocracy. • One of hisgreatestaccomplishmentswas the construction of the Parthenon. Builtto honor the goddessAthena.

  12. TheParthenon

  13. TheParthenon

  14. ANCIENT GREEK RELIGIOUS BELIEFS • Greeksworshippeda family of gods and goddessescalled “The TwelveOlympians”. • Godswereimmortalsand hadawesomepowers. • Zeus ruled the gods and humanity. • Athenawas the patrongoddess of Athens. • The Greeksvisitedoracles (Sacredsiteswhereitwasbelieved the godsspoke) forsignsoradvice.

  15. THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE • MostGreeksbelievedthattheirgodswereresponsibleforall natural events. • Philosophersbelievedthatpeoplecould use the powers of the mind and reasontounderstand natural events. • Thales, believedthatwaterwas the basic material of the world. • Democritus, thoughtthateverythingwasmade of tinyparticlescalled “atoms”.

  16. THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE • Socrates, wantedpeopletoconsider the true meaning of qualitiessuch as justice and courage. Hismostimportantlessonwas “Knowthyself”. He wasaccused of dishonoring the godsand he wassentencedtodeathbyforced suicide. • Plato, Socrate´sstudent, wrotethatsocietyshouldbemadebythreegroups: workers, soldiers and philosopher-rulers. • He founded the “Academy”. Where he taughtAristotle. • Aristotlebelievedthatreasonshould guide the pursuit of knowledge. • He founded the “Lyceum”. • WATCH VIDEOS FROM THE WIKI

  17. VISUAL AND DRAMATIC ARTS • The Greeks are knownfortheirarquitecture, sculpture (to honor theirgods) and fortheirplaywrights. • The Parthenon, theirmostmagnificentwork. • Itwasmade of fine marble, rows of columnssurroundeditonallfoursides. • Inside, the statue of Athena, itwasmade of wood, ivory, and gold. • WATCH VIDEO OF THE PARTHENON IN THE WIKI • Threeimportantcharacteristics of thescenesthatdecoratetheParthenon: • They are full of action. • Perfectlyarranged figures thatshowed balance and order. • The sculptures are life-like and accurate, and are ideal views of humans and animals. • Goal of Greek art: topresentimages of perfection in a balanced and orderlyway.

  18. VISUAL AND DRAMATIC ARTS • Athenians- first people known to write dramas. • Their most famous plays were tragedies: • A serious story that usually ends in disaster for the main character. • Consisted of several scenes that featured the characters of the story. • Between the scenes, a chorus chanted or sang poems. • Author used the chorus to give background information, comment on the events, or praise the gods. • During the 400s B.C., poets wrote comedies that made fun of well-known citizens and politicians and made jokes of the customs of daily life.

  19. MANY CITY-STATES, ONE PEOPLE • Greeks had strong patriotic feelings and valued their freedom. For this reason, they were able to develop new ideas in philosophy, religion, government, and the arts (because of the value of free thinking). • Greece had many competing city-states, but their citizens spoke the same language and shared customs. They called themselves “Hellenes”. • The Olympic Games is one of the best examples of their common culture. They were held every four years throughout ancient Greece. Athletes competed in running, horse racing, boxing, and many other events.

  20. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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