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Range-Free Localization Schemes for Large Scale Sensor Networks

Range-Free Localization Schemes for Large Scale Sensor Networks. Tian He, Chengdu Huang, Brian M. Blum, John A. Stankovic, Tarek Abdelzaher Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia MobiCom 2003. Outline. Introduction APIT localization scheme Range-free schemes Simulation

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Range-Free Localization Schemes for Large Scale Sensor Networks

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  1. Range-Free Localization Schemes for Large Scale Sensor Networks Tian He, Chengdu Huang, Brian M. Blum, John A. Stankovic, Tarek Abdelzaher Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia MobiCom 2003

  2. Outline • Introduction • APIT localization scheme • Range-free schemes • Simulation • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • We divide our discussion into two subsections • Range-based • TOA • TDOA • AOA • RSSI • Range-free • Centroid algorithm • “GPS-less Low Cost Outdoor Localization for Very Small Devices”- IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, 7(5):28-34, October 2000 • DV-HOP • “DV Based Positioning in Ad hoc Networks”-Journal of Telecommunication Systems, 2003. • Amorphous Positioning algorithm • “Organizing a Global Coordinate System from Local Information on an Amorphous Computer”-A.I. Memo1666, MIT A.I. Laboratory, August 1999.

  4. APIT localization scheme • Approximation Point-In-Triangulation • Anchors • High-powered transmitter • GPS • Beacon • Area-based

  5. A1 A3 I A2 A4 APIT localization scheme N=4

  6. M M APIT localization scheme- Perfect PIT Test Perfect P.I.T Test Theory: If there exists a direction such that a point adjacent to M is further/closer to points A, B, and C simultaneously, then M is outside of ∆ABC. Otherwise, M is inside ∆ABC.

  7. B A C A B C M 3 2 1 4 3 M 1 4 2 APIT localization scheme- Approximate PIT Test Node M’s table

  8. InToOut Error OutToIn Error B B A C A C M 1 2 4 4 1 2 3 M APIT localization scheme- Error Scenarios

  9. APIT localization scheme- Error Scenarios

  10. APIT localization scheme-APIT Aggregation 0.1R

  11. Range-free schemes- Related Works • Centroid Scheme • [N. Bulusu, J. Heidemann and D. Estrin, GPS-less Low Cost Outdoor Localization for Very Small Devices, IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, 7(5):28-34, October2000.] • DV-Hop Scheme • [D. Niculescu and B. Nath, DV Based Positioning in Ad hoc Networks, In Journal of Telecommunication Systems, 2003.] • Amorphous Scheme • [R. Nagpal, Organizing a Global Coordinate System from Local Information on an Amorphous Computer, A.I. Memo 1666, MIT A.I. Laboratory, August 1999.] • [R. Nagpal, H. Shrobe, J. Bachrach, Organizing a Global Coordinate System from Local Information on an Ad Hoc Sensor Network, In the 2nd International Workshop on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN '03), Palo Alto, April, 2003.]

  12. Range-free schemes- Related Works • Centroid Localization • DV-Hop Localization • Amorphous Localization

  13. Simulation • Node density (ND) • Anchors Heard (AH) • Anchor to Node Range Ratio (ANR) • Anchor Percentage (AP) • Degree of Irregularity (DOI) • GPS Error • Placement • Random • Uniform

  14. Simulation(1)

  15. Simulation(2)

  16. Simulation(3)

  17. Simulation(4)

  18. Simulation(5)

  19. Simulation(6)

  20. Simulation(7)

  21. Simulation(8)

  22. Conclusion • The APIT scheme performs best when irregular radio patterns and random node placement are considered

  23. Thank you

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