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Understanding Body Fluids: Composition, Measurement, and Fluid Exchange Dynamics

This comprehensive overview explores the composition and distribution of body fluids in a 70 kg adult male, highlighting the significance of water, proteins, fats, minerals, and carbohydrates. It details the total body water (TBW) breakdown into intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF), emphasizing factors affecting TBW such as age, gender, and body size. The text elaborates on measurement techniques for TBW, ECF, and ICF using various substances. Additionally, it covers osmosis, osmolarity, and fluid exchange processes in the body, underscoring the role of capillaries in nutrient delivery and waste removal.

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Understanding Body Fluids: Composition, Measurement, and Fluid Exchange Dynamics

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Body fluids by Ahmed Noury Depa.of physiology

  2. Body compassion in a 70Kg young adult male: • Water = 60% • Protein =18% • Fats = 15% • Minerals = 7% • Carbohydrates < 1

  3. con • Water is the most important constituent • Total body water(TBW) in adult male: - 60% of total body weight - 42L (60/100 × 70)

  4. Factors affecting TBW • The percentage of TBW varies according to:- 1- age : TBW decrease with age. 2- gender : TBW is higher in male than female 3- body size: Thin-tall subjects is higher body water than short-fat subjects.

  5. Percentage of TBW

  6. Body fluids compartments • TBW is divided into two compartment:- 1- intracellular fluid(ICF) :- - 40% of total body weight - 2/3 of of total body water (28L ). 2- extracellular fluid(ECF):- - 20% of total body weight - 1/3 of TBW ( 14L )

  7. ECF divided into:- a) interstitial fluid:- - 75% of ECF - 10.5L b) plasma:- - 25% of ECF - 3.5L

  8. Summary • In a 70 Kg adult male :- • Total body water= 42L(60% of total body weight ) • ICF= 28L (40% of total body weight) • EFC = 14L (20%of total body weight) - interstitial = 10.5L(15%of total body weight ) - plasma = 3.5L(5%of total body weight)

  9. Body fluids compartments

  10. differences between ECF&ICF

  11. Measurement of body fluid • Dilution Principle:- Q (X) =500mg V=? Conce.(X)= 0.5mg/ml 500mg Q (X) = = V = 1000ml Conce.(X) o.5mg/ml

  12. Conce.(X)= o.5 mg/ml o.5 mg 1mL 500 mg V mL Dilution Principle 500 Q (X) 1000ml V = = 1 = Conce.(X) o.5 C1 X V1 = C2 X V2 2

  13. C1 X V1 C1 X V1 = C2 X V2 V2=? C2 X V2

  14. Dilution Principle C1 X V1 = C2 X V2 Q (X) V = Conce.(X)

  15. Dilution Principle TBW Deuterium oxide (D2O2) Saccharidese.g. sucrose Radioactive ion e.g. Radioactive sodium ECF Evan’s blue (Dye) RISA Plasma

  16. Measurement of body fluid • Dilution Principle • Measurement of TBW • Measurement of ECF volume • Measurement of plasma volume • Calculated • Measurement of ICF volume • Measurement of total blood volume (T.B.V)

  17. Measurement of body fluid • Measurement of TBW • TBW is measured by injected substance which will diffusion freely in all fluid compartment (ICF, ECF) • Exampledeuterium oxide(D2O2( • Properties of substance:- • Not produce by body • Not metabolized • Not toxic

  18. Measurement of body fluid • Measurement of ECF volume • Substance used for measure ECF distribute only ECF • There are two types of substance are used to Measurement of ECF:- • Saccharides e.g. sucrose • Radioactive ion e.g. Radioactive sadium

  19. Measurement of body fluid • Measurement of plasma volume • There are two types of substance are used to Measurement of plasma volume:- • Evan’s blue (Dye) • RISA (Radioactive Iodine Serum Albumin) • N.B These substance are bound to plasma Albumin

  20. Measurement of body fluid • measurement of ICF volume There is no substance used to measure ICF Can be measure by subtract (TBW – ECF ( (42L-14L) = 28L

  21. osmosis • Osmosis: is the movement of water from area of lower concentration to area of higher concentration • Osmolarity: is the number of osmoles of solute per one litter of solution. • Used to describe concentration of osmatically active particles (ions) in solution. • Normal plasma osmolality280- 300mOsmol/L

  22. Tonicity: • This term is used when describing osmolality of solution relative to osmolality of plasma. • Accordingly, solutions may be:- - Isotonic ( osmolality similar to plasma) - Hypotonic (osmolality lower than plasma) - Hypertonic (osmolality higher than plasma)

  23. Fluid exchange • The exchange of fluid between capillary and interstitial is important for: 1- supplying the cells with oxygen, nutrients and hormones which are needed for cellular process. 2- The removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the cells (prevent toxic effects) • The capillary is known as exchange unit

  24. Capillary fluid movement occur as a result of tow processes: • Filtration (role of hydrostatic pressure ) 2. Absorption(role of oncotic  pressure ) Hydrostatic pressure:  is the force that is exerted by a fluid against the capillary wall Oncotic  pressure osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in a blood vessel's

  25. The forces which control fluid exchange (starling forces) are: • hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (Pc) A. at arteriolar end =35 mmHg B. at veneolar end =18 mmHg 2. oncotic pressure in the capillary (pc ) A. at arteriolar end =25 mmHg B. at veneolar end =25 mmHg

  26. Abnormalitiesof fluid exchange • Edema :- Edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial space.

  27. Causes of Edema 1- A rise in hydrostatic pressure 2- A decrease in oncotic pressure  3- A blockage of the lymph Vessels 4-Increased capillaries permeability.

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