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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Body fluids by Ahmed Noury Depa.of physiology. Body compassion in a 70Kg young adult male: Water = 60% Protein =18% Fats = 15% Minerals = 7% Carbohydrates < 1. con. Water is the most important constituent Total body water(TBW) in adult male:

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Body fluids by Ahmed Noury Depa.of physiology

  2. Body compassion in a 70Kg young adult male: • Water = 60% • Protein =18% • Fats = 15% • Minerals = 7% • Carbohydrates < 1

  3. con • Water is the most important constituent • Total body water(TBW) in adult male: - 60% of total body weight - 42L (60/100 × 70)

  4. Factors affecting TBW • The percentage of TBW varies according to:- 1- age : TBW decrease with age. 2- gender : TBW is higher in male than female 3- body size: Thin-tall subjects is higher body water than short-fat subjects.

  5. Percentage of TBW

  6. Body fluids compartments • TBW is divided into two compartment:- 1- intracellular fluid(ICF) :- - 40% of total body weight - 2/3 of of total body water (28L ). 2- extracellular fluid(ECF):- - 20% of total body weight - 1/3 of TBW ( 14L )

  7. ECF divided into:- a) interstitial fluid:- - 75% of ECF - 10.5L b) plasma:- - 25% of ECF - 3.5L

  8. Summary • In a 70 Kg adult male :- • Total body water= 42L(60% of total body weight ) • ICF= 28L (40% of total body weight) • EFC = 14L (20%of total body weight) - interstitial = 10.5L(15%of total body weight ) - plasma = 3.5L(5%of total body weight)

  9. Body fluids compartments

  10. differences between ECF&ICF

  11. Measurement of body fluid • Dilution Principle:- Q (X) =500mg V=? Conce.(X)= 0.5mg/ml 500mg Q (X) = = V = 1000ml Conce.(X) o.5mg/ml

  12. Conce.(X)= o.5 mg/ml o.5 mg 1mL 500 mg V mL Dilution Principle 500 Q (X) 1000ml V = = 1 = Conce.(X) o.5 C1 X V1 = C2 X V2 2

  13. C1 X V1 C1 X V1 = C2 X V2 V2=? C2 X V2

  14. Dilution Principle C1 X V1 = C2 X V2 Q (X) V = Conce.(X)

  15. Dilution Principle TBW Deuterium oxide (D2O2) Saccharidese.g. sucrose Radioactive ion e.g. Radioactive sodium ECF Evan’s blue (Dye) RISA Plasma

  16. Measurement of body fluid • Dilution Principle • Measurement of TBW • Measurement of ECF volume • Measurement of plasma volume • Calculated • Measurement of ICF volume • Measurement of total blood volume (T.B.V)

  17. Measurement of body fluid • Measurement of TBW • TBW is measured by injected substance which will diffusion freely in all fluid compartment (ICF, ECF) • Exampledeuterium oxide(D2O2( • Properties of substance:- • Not produce by body • Not metabolized • Not toxic

  18. Measurement of body fluid • Measurement of ECF volume • Substance used for measure ECF distribute only ECF • There are two types of substance are used to Measurement of ECF:- • Saccharides e.g. sucrose • Radioactive ion e.g. Radioactive sadium

  19. Measurement of body fluid • Measurement of plasma volume • There are two types of substance are used to Measurement of plasma volume:- • Evan’s blue (Dye) • RISA (Radioactive Iodine Serum Albumin) • N.B These substance are bound to plasma Albumin

  20. Measurement of body fluid • measurement of ICF volume There is no substance used to measure ICF Can be measure by subtract (TBW – ECF ( (42L-14L) = 28L

  21. osmosis • Osmosis: is the movement of water from area of lower concentration to area of higher concentration • Osmolarity: is the number of osmoles of solute per one litter of solution. • Used to describe concentration of osmatically active particles (ions) in solution. • Normal plasma osmolality280- 300mOsmol/L

  22. Tonicity: • This term is used when describing osmolality of solution relative to osmolality of plasma. • Accordingly, solutions may be:- - Isotonic ( osmolality similar to plasma) - Hypotonic (osmolality lower than plasma) - Hypertonic (osmolality higher than plasma)

  23. Fluid exchange • The exchange of fluid between capillary and interstitial is important for: 1- supplying the cells with oxygen, nutrients and hormones which are needed for cellular process. 2- The removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the cells (prevent toxic effects) • The capillary is known as exchange unit

  24. Capillary fluid movement occur as a result of tow processes: • Filtration (role of hydrostatic pressure ) 2. Absorption(role of oncotic  pressure ) Hydrostatic pressure:  is the force that is exerted by a fluid against the capillary wall Oncotic  pressure osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in a blood vessel's

  25. The forces which control fluid exchange (starling forces) are: • hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (Pc) A. at arteriolar end =35 mmHg B. at veneolar end =18 mmHg 2. oncotic pressure in the capillary (pc ) A. at arteriolar end =25 mmHg B. at veneolar end =25 mmHg

  26. Abnormalitiesof fluid exchange • Edema :- Edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial space.

  27. Causes of Edema 1- A rise in hydrostatic pressure 2- A decrease in oncotic pressure  3- A blockage of the lymph Vessels 4-Increased capillaries permeability.

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