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BUND. Der Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln, un Rusland. Bund. Vilna, 1897 Marxism influenced 1912 joined Mensheviks 1917 40 thousand members, 400 branches 1921 joined the Communist Party Bund in Poland Remains independent 1939 – almost 100 thousand members.
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BUND Der Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln, un Rusland
Bund • Vilna, 1897 • Marxism influenced • 1912 joined Mensheviks • 1917 40 thousand members, 400 branches • 1921 joined the Communist Party • Bund in Poland • Remains independent • 1939 – almost 100 thousand members
3rd Party Convention • complete national emancipation, e.g. FREEDOM TO USE THEIR OWN LANGUAGE • Little support for the national rights – demand EQUAL CIVIL RIGHTS
4th Party Convention Withdrew from the Russian Social Democratic Worker´s party „Crypto-Zionists“ for the Russian Social Democratic Worker´s party • Bund against Zionism
6th Party Convention • After 1905 – focuses on CULTURAL ISSUES – advocates YIDDISH CULTURE
BUND • New Jewish working class + young Jewish intelligentsia attracted by socialism • 1890´s: focused on the amelioration of the human condition of a worker, not specifically on Jewish- oriented goals
Kishniev • April 6 & 7, 1903 • Pogrom publicly denounced by 317 Russian writers and artists (incl. Tolstoy) • Bund and Poalei Zion organize groups of self-defense боевые отряды • Beilis Trial, 1913
Bund View of founders View of Lenin& Stalin A national Jewish party developing independent political tendencies • Not specifically Jewish movement • Want to integrate into Russian socialist movement
Lenin • Assimilation= only progressive solution of the Jewish question • Antisemitism is reactionary • Nationalism is bourgeois and must be fought against • Zionism= rabbis • Bund is not marxist but nationalist
Stalin • Marxism and the National Question • 1917-23, 1st commissar of the nationality of the USSR • Tacitly recognized Jews as a nationality • Fostered yiddish culture, administrative institutions and agricultural settlements • Late 1930´s – purges – yiddish schools and insitutions systematically liquidated untill WWII • Support if the Jewish State in Palestine against UK • 1948 • 1948- 1953 – extreme hostility : • Jews = „Zionists“, „US spies“
BUND • By 1905 the largest and best-organized Jewish party in EE • 1917 • Feb – Pale of Settlement suppressed • Nov – Lenin and Stalin abolished all national and religious priviledges of Jews
Yevsektsiya • 1918 – Jewish section in the Communist party aimed on DESTROYING THE ZIONIST INSTITUTIONS and the Jewish religious culture • After destruction of all non-communist Jewish social life dissolved in 1930
Birobidzhan • 1934- Jewish autonomous region • Collective farming • Yiddish • Institutions • Failed • Only supported by communists • Harsh conditions • Zion is not Birobidzhan • Stalin purges affected intellingetsia
Bund in Poland • „guardians of secular yiddish culture • TRADE UNIONS • EDUCATION • CULTURAL ACTIVITY • SOCIAL SUPPORT • YOUTH- Tsukunft • SPORTS • SCHOOL NETWORKS – secular, socialist • SANATORIUM for children with TBC • NEWSPAPER • Folks-Tsaytung • Głos Bundu • WOMEN • Yiddishe Arbeiter- Frey Organizatsye, YAF • Network of day- care centers for children
Bund after 1939 • Contact with the Polish underground and the exile government • 1942 – report on the Jewish genocide smuggled to London • 1941 New York – main center • 1949 organization wiped out by the Stalinist line
