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Characteristics of Rural-Urban Elderly Living in Poverty in Malaysia

Explore the demographic profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of elderly individuals living in poverty in rural and urban areas of Malaysia. Understand the factors influencing poverty incidence and the role of education in poverty reduction.

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Characteristics of Rural-Urban Elderly Living in Poverty in Malaysia

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  1. Characteristics of rural-urban elderly living in poverty ELDERLY IN MALAYSIA ___________________________ SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD, Ph.D. • This study benefits from the financial support provided by the Social Security Research Center (SSRC), Universiti Malaya, Malaysia

  2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION • Background of study • Objectives of study • Data & Findings • Conclusion

  3. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

  4. Current Situation

  5. Population data • Percentage population aged 55 years an above increase from 7.6 percent in 1970 to 12.3 percent in 2012 • 2015 Malaysia’s population aged 65 years and above will be six percent of the total population

  6. Poverty incidence (2009 & 2012)

  7. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

  8. DATA & FINDINGS

  9. HIS 2009 data provided by the DOS • 19,125 observations or elderly are used for the analysis (9,452 in rural and 9,673 in urban areas) • Information on socio demographic profiles is provided at the household and individual levels

  10. Male : 48.05 Female : 51.91 58-59 : 14,74 60-64 : 30.79 65-69 : 21.36 70-74 : 16.59 75-79 : 8.47 80 & Above: 8.06 AGE Gender Bumiputera :63.39 Chinese : 30.58 Indian : 5.55 Others : 0.48 Married : 67.54 Others : 32.46 Characteristics of elderly Marital Status Ethnicity Homemakers etc : 71.45 Senior officials & managers : 0.48 Professionals: 0.49 Technicians & associate professionals : 1.37 Clerical workers : 0.48 Skilled agriculture & fishery : 12.38 Craft & related trade: 2.07 Plant & machine operators : 1.66 Elementary occupations : 3.33 Working Group Education Primary : 42.60 Secondary : 18.37 Tertiary : 4.13 None : 34.90 Strata Urban : 50.56 Rural : 49.44

  11. Male : 7.97 Female : 11.73 58-59 : 5.56 60-64 : 6.36 65-69 : 10.12 70-74 : 13.66 75-79 : 15.98 80 & Above: 16.90 AGE Gender Bumiputera :13.66 Chinese : 3.02 Indian : 5.17 Others : 10.99 Characteristics of elderly living in poverty (9.9%) Married : 7.40 Others : 15.17 Marital Status Ethnicity Homemakers etc:10.32 Senior officials & managers : 1.86 Professionals: 0.00 Technicians & associate professionals : 3.80 Clerical workers : 0.00 Skilled agriculture & fishery : 12.95 Craft & related trade: 5.79 Plant & machine operators : 2.84 Elementary occupations : 11.91 Working Group Education Primary : 7.95 Secondary : 2.05 Tertiary : 0.63 None : 17.58 Strata Urban : 4.72 Rural : 15.24

  12. Male : 49.44 / 50.56 Female : 49.45 / 50.55 58-59 : 13.75 / 15.70 60-64 : 29.65 / 31.90 65-69 : 21.25 / 21.46 70-74 : 17.44 / 15.75 75-79 : 9.19 / 7.76 80 & Above: 8.71 / 7.43 AGE Gender Characteristics of rural-urban elderly Bumiputera :84.41 / 42.83 Chinese : 12.12 / 48.65 Indian : 2.93 / 8.12 Others : 0.55 / 0.40 Married : 67.63 / 67.44 Others : 32.37 / 32.56 Marital Status Ethnicity Homemakers etc: 65.02 / 77.74 Senior officials & managers : 1.44 / 3.04 Professionals: 0.33 / 0.65 Technicians & associate professionals : 0.82 / 1.91 Clerical workers : 0.13 / 0.82 Skilled agriculture & fishery : 22.15 / 2.82 Craft & related trade: 1.69 / 2.45 Plant & machine operators : 1.14 / 2.16 Elementary occupations : 3.39 / 3.27 Working Group Education Primary : 46.68 / 38.61 Secondary : 9.93 / 26.63 Tertiary : 1.32 / 6.88 None : 42.07 / 27.88

  13. Male : 12.59 / 3.46 Female : 17.70 / 5.89 58-59 : 8.39 / 7.88 60-64 : 18.92 / 22.32 65-69 : 21.07 / 24.07 70-74 : 23.70 / 20.13 75-79 : 13.51 / 14.00 80 & Above: 14.41 / 11.60 AGE Gender Characteristics of rural-urban elderly living in poverty Bumiputera :93.42/ 67.83 Chinese : 4.50 / 24.51 Indian : 1.66 / 6.78 Others : 0.42 / 0.88 Married : 52.53 / 43.54 Others : 47.47/ 56.46 Marital Status Ethnicity Homemakers etc: 72.49 / 80.09 Senior officials & managers : 0.49 / 0.22 Professionals: 0.00 / 0.00 Technicians & associate professionals : 0.49 / 0.66 Clerical workers : 0.13 / 0.00 Skilled agriculture & fishery : 19.82 / 4.60 Craft & related trade: 0.97 / 1.97 Plant & machine operators : 2.16 / 1.09 Elementary occupations : 2.98 / 7.22 Working Group Education Primary : 32.99 / 37.64 Secondary : 2.49 / 7.88 Tertiary : 0.07 / 0.88 None : 64.45 / 53.61 Strata Urban : 4.72 Rural : 15.24

  14. Logistic analysis Other Ethnicity is the reference category in ethnicity; No Education is the reference category in education; Other House Type is the reference category in House

  15. CONCLUSION

  16. This study had empirically demonstrated that elderly’s poverty incidence is still at a relatively low level • Nevertheless, poverty incidence in the rural area is relatively high, more than three times higher than the urban areas. • The logistic probability estimation indicates that the many factors influencing elderly poverty include household size, presence of young child in a household, age, education attainment, strata and house ownership

  17. Education has important role in reducing poverty: with education, the probability of poverty could be reduced, regardless on the type of education, let them be primary, secondary and tertiary • Role of wealth in reducing poverty: house ownership is an example of wealth acquisition and this is an important element to reduce poverty • Ethnicity remains an issue in poverty: being a Bumiputera is susceptible to be poor in the rural areas while being a Chinese has a higher probability to be out of poverty in the urban area

  18. eieydda@usm.my Thank you

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